Evidence of the gastroprotective and anti-Helicobacter pylori activities of β-mangostin isolated from Cratoxylum arborescens (vahl) blume

Abstract

Purposeβ-Mangostin (BM) from Cratoxylum arborescens demonstrated various pharmacological activities such as anticancer and anti-inflammatory. In this study, we aimed to investigate its antiulcer activity against ethanol ulcer model in rats.Materials and methodsBM was isolated from C. arborescens. Gastric acid output, ulcer index, gross evaluation, mucus production, histological evaluation using hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid–Schiff staining and immunohistochemical localization for heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and Bax proteins were investigated. Possible involvement of reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, prostaglandin E2, antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes, radical scavenging, nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds, and anti-Helicobacter pylori were investigated.ResultsBM showed antisecretory activity against the pylorus ligature model. The pretreatment with BM protect gastric mucosa from ethanol damaging effect as seen by the improved gross and histological appearance. BM significantly reduced the ulcer area formation, the submucosal edema, and the leukocytes infiltration compared to the ulcer control. The compound showed intense periodic acid–Schiff staining to the gastric mucus layer and marked amount of alcian blue binding to free gastric mucus. BM significantly increased the gastric homogenate content of prostaglandin E2 glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds. The compound inhibited the lipid peroxidation revealed by the reduced gastric content of malondialdehyde. Moreover, BM upregulate HSP70 expression and downregulate Bax expression. Furthermore, the compound showed interesting anti-H. pylori activity.ConclusionThus, it could be concluded that BM possesses gastroprotective activity, which could be attributed to the antisecretory, mucus production, antioxidant, HSP70, antiapoptotic, and anti-H. pylori mechanisms.

Antiulcer Agents: From Plant Extracts to Phytochemicals in Healing Promotion

“…Cratoxylum arborescens (Vahl) Blume is widely distributed in Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia) and its bark, roots and leaves are used in traditional medicine. Different xanthones, α-mangostin and β-mangostin have been isolated and identified from C. arborescens and have been studied as antiulcer protectors [ 84 ] and anti- H. pylori agents [ 83 , 84 ]. A study performed with α-mangostin showed that this compound (10 and 30 mg/kg) was able to protect gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced injury on rats, through exerting antioxidant protection, interfering with nitric oxide release, cyclooxygenases (COXs) inhibition and anti- H. pylori activity [ 84 ].…”

“…A study performed with α-mangostin showed that this compound (10 and 30 mg/kg) was able to protect gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced injury on rats, through exerting antioxidant protection, interfering with nitric oxide release, cyclooxygenases (COXs) inhibition and anti- H. pylori activity [ 84 ]. In another study, β-mangostin (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) exhibited gastroprotective activity due to mucus production, anti-secretory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic and anti- H. pylori activity [ 83 ].…”

Propolis and Its Potential to Treat Gastrointestinal Disorders

“…There are various noxious agents to the stomach resulting in mucosal ulceration, such as Helicobacter pylori infections, prolonged ingestion of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NAIDs), alcoholic drinks, psychological stress, and cigarette smoking. On the other hand, the stomach protects itself through many defense mechanisms, mainly adequate blood flow and bicarbonate and mucus secretions [ 149 ].…”

Effect of β-caryophyllene from Cloves Extract on Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Mouse Model

“…Histopathological scores indicated overall gastritis with damage to the surface epithelium, inflammatory cell infiltration, and submucosal edema, all of which were collectively found in the entire corpus and antrum region of mice. After measuring the degree of atrophic gastritis using the strategy used in previous studies [25,26], the grade of each tissue was recorded in terms of scores. Then, the sum of the detailed scores of each organization was calculated, followed by measuring the average score of each group; the scores were calculated by two different researchers to increase objectivity.…”