Evidence of SARS-Cov-2-specific memory B cells six months after vaccination with BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine

Ciabattini, Annalisa; Pastore, Gabiria; Fiorino, Fabio; Polvere, Jacopo; Lucchesi, Simone; Pettini, Elena; Auddino, Stefano; Rancan, Ilaria; Miscia, Michele; Rossetti, Barbara; Fabbiani, Massimiliano; Montagnani, Francesca; Medaglini, Donata

doi:10.1101/2021.07.12.21259864

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A previous study showed that fully-vaccinated individuals have protection against COVID-19 of more than 80% [ 9 ]. Not only induce immunogenicity, but a study also reported that the mRNA vaccine enhances memory B cells function for six months [ 33 ]. Following this assumption, in this study, full vaccination efficacy was 47.3% against chronic cough, 68.3% against chronic headache, and 71.5% against arthritis and remained consistent when treating the outcomes as interval censored-response (45.8%, 66.3%, and 60.9%, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination status, favipiravir, and micronutrient supplementation roles in post-COVID symptoms: A longitudinal study

2022

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Introduction Post-COVID symptoms are the new concern in the COVID-19 pandemic, where recovered patients experience residual symptoms affecting their quality of life. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the role of complete vaccination, prescribed medication, and micronutrients during COVID episodes in the occurrence of post-COVID symptoms. Method A longitudinal evaluation of Indonesia’s recovered COVID-19 patients was performed using the data collected from July 2021 and extracted in mid-February 2022. All participants were confirmed with a Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction test (PCR) and/or antigen test. This study collected demography and comorbidities information, symptoms and treatment of COVID-19, and collection of self-reported post-COVID symptoms every 30 days within 90 days after diagnosis/onset. Exposures of interest include vaccination status, Favipiravir administration, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and Zinc. A Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) was used to evaluate the longitudinal effect of exposures, presented with adjusted odds ratios and its 95% confidence interval. Results A total of 923 participants (18.2% fully-vaccinated) were involved in the study, with 79.7% being non-hospitalized. Only 25.7% did not develop any residual symptoms within 90 days. Fatigue was the most reported post-COVID symptom in each measurement time (39.5%, 16.3%, and 7.3%). Full-vaccination was effective against chronic cough (aOR 0.527, 95% CI 0.286–0.971), chronic headache (aOR 0.317, 95% CI 0.163–0.616), and chronic arthritis (aOR 0.285, 95% CI 0.116–0.703). The combination of micronutrient supplementations and Favipiravir gave no significant effect on all post-COVID symptoms. However, early initiation of Favipiravir and delaying vitamin D administration were associated with arthritis. Conclusion Full vaccination of COVID-19 prevents the disease and the development of residual symptoms when infected with SARS-COV-2. Hence, it is crucial to reconsider the prescription of micronutrient supplementation or adjust the dose of Favipiravir in the current guideline.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination status, favipiravir, and micronutrient supplementation roles in post-COVID symptoms: A longitudinal study

2022

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“…A time-dependent modulation of the B cell response has been observed, with B cell phenotypes changing from CD27 + IgD + IgM + CXCR5 + cells to both IgA + or IgG + (CD27 + IgD - CD38 + CXCR5 - CD11c + ) 7 days after the second dose, and then differentiating into MBC (CD27 + IgD - CD38 + CXCR5 + CD24 + CD11c - ) at longer time points ( 31 ). Several distinct antigen-specific MBC populations emerged postvaccination with varying kinetics.…”

Section: Role Of the B Cell Response Elicited By Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using multiparametric flow cytometry analysis, we and other groups have identified spike-specific cells in the blood induced by vaccination with mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine and we have tracked their persistence up to 6 months after vaccine administration ( 31 , 32 ). The presence of molecules specific for different states of antigen-specific B-cell differentiation, allows to identify and distinguish plasmablasts, detectable very early after vaccine administration, from MBC.…”

Section: Assays To Measure the B Cell Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FlowSOM is considered one of the best high-performance algorithms in automated identification of cell subsets showing an extremely fast runtime ( 44 ). Unsupervised clustering analysis has been applied for identifying major B cell populations and SARS-CoV-2–specific B cells elicited by the mRNA vaccines and determining their modulation at the different time points following vaccine administration ( 31 , 32 ). The analysis has allowed the identification of different spike-specific B cell subsets, including naïve cells, unswitched and isotype-switched MBC and plasmablasts.…”

Section: Assays To Measure the B Cell Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis has allowed the identification of different spike-specific B cell subsets, including naïve cells, unswitched and isotype-switched MBC and plasmablasts. Correlation between specific clusters of cells and humoral response is also possible; the analysis has demonstrated that the frequency of plasmablasts detected 7 days after the second vaccine dose positively correlated with the frequency of IgG + switched MBC clusters measured at day 180 ( 31 , 32 ).…”

Section: Assays To Measure the B Cell Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profiling the B cell immune response elicited by vaccination against the respiratory virus SARS-CoV-2

2022

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B cells play a fundamental role in host defenses against viral infections. Profiling the B cell response elicited by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, including the generation and persistence of antigen-specific memory B cells, is essential for improving the knowledge of vaccine immune responsiveness, beyond the antibody response. mRNA-based vaccines have shown to induce a robust class-switched memory B cell response that persists overtime and is boosted by further vaccine administration, suggesting that memory B cells are critical in driving a recall response upon re-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Here, we focus on the role of the B cell response in the context of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, offering an overview of the different technologies that can be used to identify spike-specific B cells, characterize their phenotype using machine learning approaches, measure their capacity to reactivate following antigen encounter, and tracking the maturation of the B cell receptor antigenic affinity.

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Serial evaluation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody and breakthrough infections in BNT162b2 Vaccinated migrant workers from Bangladesh

Hoque

Rahman

Das

2021

Preprint

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Background While Bangladesh has started its mass COVID-19 vaccination drive, it is struggling to cover its huge population similar to other low- and middle-income countries due to the lack of vaccine availability. One of the major remittance sources for Bangladesh is its migrant workers who are required to receive mRNA vaccines to return to their jobs. Despite reports of higher efficacy of mRNA vaccine against COVID-19, breakthrough infection cases are arising especially with the emergence of Delta variant. It is highly important to understand the post-vaccination immune response and breakthrough infections in different populations so that the necessity of booster dosage can be assessed properly. Methods We observed post BNT162b2 full vaccination immune response in a small older group (mean age= 59.5+-5.44 years) of migrant workers (n=10) for six months at the Sheikh Hasina National Institute of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The plasma samples from the participants were collected after 14 days, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, and 6 months of receiving the 2nd dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Anti S1 RBD IgG responses were measured as optical density ratios using a commercially available ELISA kit. Results All 10 of the participants were male migrant workers and none of them had a history of previous COVID-19 infection. The median antibody response [IQ1:IQ3] was 9.05 [7.53; 10.0] on day 14 then it increases to 13.6 [12.0; 14.0] at the second month which gradually decreased to a median of 8.63 [8.34; 9.37] on the 6th-month post-vaccination. There were two breakthrough infection cases after receiving the second dose and the antibody responses were highly increased in the following months. Two of the breakthrough cases were diagnosed with mild COVID-19 as the symptom duration was less than 3 days with no respiratory complications and no hospital admission were required. Conclusions The BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine produces a strong immune response that sustains at least 6 months after getting fully vaccinated. But even after getting fully vaccinated people are susceptible to breakthrough infections that are not severe and boost the immune response greatly offering a hybrid immunity from both vaccine and natural infection. Hence, it is still important to fully vaccinate a greater number of people rather than thinking of offering booster dosage to the privileged populations out of the fear of breakthrough cases. If the LMICs can quickly cover at least 80% of their population with usual priority targets (healthcare workers, migrant workers, older people, etc.) then a global risk reduction and pandemic control would be possible that will allow additional variant-specific boosters for targeted populations if evidence support.

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Evidence of SARS-Cov-2-specific memory B cells six months after vaccination with BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Vaccination status, favipiravir, and micronutrient supplementation roles in post-COVID symptoms: A longitudinal study

Vaccination status, favipiravir, and micronutrient supplementation roles in post-COVID symptoms: A longitudinal study

Profiling the B cell immune response elicited by vaccination against the respiratory virus SARS-CoV-2

Serial evaluation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody and breakthrough infections in BNT162b2 Vaccinated migrant workers from Bangladesh

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