Profiling the B cell immune response elicited by vaccination against the respiratory virus SARS-CoV-2

Pettini, Elena; Medaglini, Donata; Ciabattini, Annalisa

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058748

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…As mRNA-based platforms are being used for the first time, various aspects regarding the safety, mechanisms of action of the nanoparticles [ 18 ], and the antibody response have been extensively examined from the outset in both healthy and fragile subjects [ 13 , 19 , 20 ]. However, other aspects, such as the long-term persistence of immune memory [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ] and the hybrid immunity induced by concurrent viral infection [ 25 , 26 ], remain under investigation and necessitate continuous updates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectory of Spike-Specific B Cells Elicited by Two Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine

Ciabattini

Pastore

Lucchesi

et al. 2023

Cells

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The mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 have demonstrated efficacy and immunogenicity in the real-world setting. However, most of the research on vaccine immunogenicity has been centered on characterizing the antibody response, with limited exploration into the persistence of spike-specific memory B cells. Here we monitored the durability of the memory B cell response up to 9 months post-vaccination, and characterized the trajectory of spike-specific B cell phenotypes in healthy individuals who received two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. To profile the spike-specific B cell response, we applied the tSNE and Cytotree automated approaches. Spike-specific IgA+ and IgG+ plasmablasts and IgA+ activated cells were observed 7 days after the second dose and disappeared 3 months later, while subsets of spike-specific IgG+ resting memory B cells became predominant 9 months after vaccination, and they were capable of differentiating into spike-specific IgG secreting cells when restimulated in vitro. Other subsets of spike-specific B cells, such as IgM+ or unswitched IgM+IgD+ or IgG+ double negative/atypical cells, were also elicited by the BNT162b2 vaccine and persisted up to month 9. The analysis of circulating spike-specific IgG, IgA, and IgM was in line with the plasmablasts observed. The longitudinal analysis of the antigen-specific B cell response elicited by mRNA-based vaccines provides valuable insights into our understanding of the immunogenicity of this novel vaccine platform destined for future widespread use, and it can help in guiding future decisions and vaccination schedules.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectory of Spike-Specific B Cells Elicited by Two Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine

Ciabattini

Pastore

Lucchesi

et al. 2023

Cells

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“…Consequently, there is a need for further immunogenicity data, not only regarding the humoral response but also the memory spike-specific B cell response, to inform decisions about vaccinating vulnerable subjects. We have already analyzed in detail the role as well as the dynamics and magnitude of the spike-specific B cell response in healthy subjects in the context of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination [16,22]. Here, we longitudinally profiled spike-specific antibody production and their functionality and, for the first time, the spike-specific memory B cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and their persistence from baseline up to one month after the fourth mRNA-1273 vaccine administration in allo-HCT recipients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spike-Specific Memory B Cell Response in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients following Multiple mRNA-1273 Vaccinations: A Longitudinal Observational Study

Pettini,

Ciabattini,

Fiorino

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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Preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection is of utmost importance in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation patients (allo-HCT), given their heightened susceptibility to adverse outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, limited data are available regarding the immune response to COVID-19 vaccines in these subjects, particularly concerning the generation and persistence of spike-specific memory response. Here, we analyzed the spike-specific memory B cells in a cohort of allo-HCT recipients vaccinated with multiple doses of the mRNA-1273 vaccine and monitored the spike-specific antibody response from baseline up to one month after the fourth dose. After the primary vaccine series, the frequency of spike-specific B cells, detected within the pool of Ig-switched CD19+ cells, significantly increased. The booster dose further induced a significant expansion, reaching up to 0.28% of spike-specific B cells. The kinetics of this expansion were slower in the allo-HCT recipients compared to healthy controls. Spike-specific IgG and ACE2/RBD binding inhibition activity were observed in 80% of the allo-HCT recipients after the first two doses, with a significant increase after the third and fourth booster doses, including in the subjects who did not respond to the primary vaccine series. Additionally, 87% of the allo-HCT recipients exhibited positive cross-inhibition activity against the BA.1 variant. Our findings provide evidence that allo-HCT recipients need repeated doses of the mRNA-1273 vaccine to induceSARS-CoV-2 specific immune response similar to that observed in healthy individuals. This is particularly crucial for vulnerable individuals who may exhibit a limited response to the primary series of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

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“…Therefore, understanding healthy repertoires drives the discovery of novel diagnostics and therapeutic approaches. [88][89][90]…”

Section: Profiling Normal Human Serum Repertoiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum antibody screening using glycan arrays

Marglous,

Brown,

Padler-Karavani

et al. 2024

Chem. Soc. Rev.

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Profiling the B cell immune response elicited by vaccination against the respiratory virus SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 10 publications

References 61 publications

Trajectory of Spike-Specific B Cells Elicited by Two Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine

Trajectory of Spike-Specific B Cells Elicited by Two Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine

Spike-Specific Memory B Cell Response in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients following Multiple mRNA-1273 Vaccinations: A Longitudinal Observational Study

Serum antibody screening using glycan arrays

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