Evidence of retinal anterograde neurodegeneration in the very early stages of multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal OCT study

Pietroboni, Anna M.; Carandini, Tiziana; Dell’Arti, Laura; Bovis, Francesca; Colombi, A; Riz, Milena A. De; Casazza, Elena; Scola, Elisa; Fenoglio, Chiara; Arighi, Andrea; Fumagalli, Giorgio; Triulzi, Fabio; Galimberti, Daniela; Viola, Francesco; Scarpini, Elio

doi:10.1007/s10072-020-04431-4

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In the present study, we confirm that neurodegeneration occurring in early stage of disease onset may not only reflect axonal degeneration, but also neuronal degeneration (as measured by mGCIPL change), and both appear to decrease over time. Similarly, another recent study reported mGCIPL thinning at a very early stage, followed by a plateau 40 . The data suggest that the mGCIPL complex may be capable of showing thickness changes at earlier time points than the pRNFL layer containing primarily axons.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

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Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: A 3‐year prospective multicenter study

Paul

Calabresi

Barkhof

et al. 2021

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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Objective: To evaluate changes over 3 years in the thickness of inner retinal layers including the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), and combined macular ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers (mGCIPL), in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) versus healthy controls; to determine whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) is sufficiently sensitive and reproducible to detect small degrees of neuroaxonal loss over time that correlate with changes in brain volume and disability progression as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Methods: Individuals with RRMS from 28 centers (n = 333) were matched with 64 healthy participants. OCT scans were performed on Heidelberg Spectralis machines (at baseline; 1 month; 6 months; 6-monthly thereafter). Results: OCT measurements were highly reproducible between baseline and 1 month (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.98). Significant inner retinal layer thinning was observed in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with controls regardless of previous MSassociated optic neuritis--group differences (95% CI) over 3 years: pRNFL: À1.86 (À2.54, À1.17) µm; mGCIPL: À2.03 (À2.78, À1.28) µm (both p < 0.0001; effect sizes 0.39 and 0.34). Greater inner retinal layer atrophy was observed in individuals diagnosed with RRMS <3 years versus >5 years (pRNFL: p < 0.05; mGCIPL: p < 0.01). Brain volume decreased by 1.3% in individuals with MS over 3 years compared to 0.5% in control subjects (effect

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Similarly, another recent study reported mGCIPL thinning at a very early stage, followed by a plateau. 40 The data suggest that the mGCIPL complex may be capable of showing thickness changes at earlier time points than the pRNFL layer containing primarily axons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: A 3‐year prospective multicenter study

Paul

Calabresi

Barkhof

et al. 2021

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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“…The possible occurrence of optic disc oedema limits the accuracy of using NFL as an index of inflammatory activity [ 65 ]. Recent studies also reported on poor reliability of pNFL analysis in the early stages of MS [ 66 ]. Another parameter that can be determined with the new OCT software is the thickness of the Bruch’s membrane opening minimum rim width (BMO-MRW), which is the minimum distance between BMO and ILM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GCL in the macula or the GC-IPL has been shown to be impaired by the process of neurodegeneration in earlier stages than the NFL [ 66 ], and the most involved areas seem to be the papillomacular bundle and the inferonasal area: the atrophy of these layers could be a pathological biomarker of the early stages of the disease [ 65 ]. The GC-IPL includes retinal ganglion cell (RGC) bodies and retinal astrocytes, which are often measured together because of the low contrast between these two components in OCT scans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical coherence tomography as retinal imaging biomarker of neuroinflammation/neurodegeneration in systemic disorders in adults and children

Vujosevic

Parra

Hartnett

et al. 2022

Eye

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The retina and the optic nerve are considered extensions of the central nervous system (CNS) and thus can serve as the window for evaluation of CNS disorders. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows for detailed evaluation of the retina and the optic nerve. OCT can non-invasively document changes in single retina layer thickness and structure due to neuronal and retinal glial cells (RGC) modifications in systemic and local inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. These can include evaluation of retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell complex, hyper-reflective retinal spots (HRS, sign of activated microglial cells in the retina), subfoveal neuroretinal detachment, disorganization of the inner retinal layers (DRIL), thickness and integrity of the outer retinal layers and choroidal thickness. This review paper will report the most recent data on the use of OCT as a non invasive imaging biomarker for evaluation of the most common systemic neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative/neurocognitive disorders in the adults and in paediatric population. In the adult population the main focus will be on diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, optic neuromyelitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis, Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease and schizophrenia. In the paediatric population, demyelinating diseases, lysosomal storage diseases, Nieman Pick type C disease, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, human immunodeficiency virus, leukodystrophies spinocerebellar ataxia will be addressed.

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“…Indeed, ONH and pRNFL changes have been already reported in patients with CNS pathologies like Alzheimer, multiple sclerosis, and diabetic polyneuropathy. [31][32][33] In a recent review, neuroophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19 was divided to afferent and efferent manifestations. [34] The examples of the afferent complications include papilledema, optic neuritis, papillophlebitis, and even vision loss due to stroke, while the efferent complications include ocular myasthenia gravis, cranial neuropathies, Miller Fisher syndrome, and Adie's pupils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optic Nerve Head Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings after Coronavirus Disease

Abrishami

Daneshvar

Emamverdian

et al. 2021

JOVR

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Purpose: To quantify the microvasculature density of the optic nerve head (ONH) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) analysis in patients recovered from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: In a comparative cross-sectional, observational study, patients recovered from COVID- 19 whose initial diagnosis was confirmed by an rRT-PCR of a nasopharyngeal sample were included in this study. OCTA of ONH was performed in included patients and normal controls. Vascular density (VD) of the all vessels (AV) and small vessels (SV) inside the disc and radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network density was measured in COVID-19 recovered patients and compared with similar parameters in an age-matched group of normal controls. Results: Twenty-five COVID-19 patients and twenty-two age-matched normal controls were enrolled in the study and one eye per participant was evaluated. The mean whole image SV VD in the COVID-19 group (49.31 ± 1.93) was not statistically significantly different from that in the control group (49.94 ±. 2.22; P = 0.308). A decrease in RPC VD was found in all AV and SV VD measured, which became statistically significant in whole peripapillary SV VD, peripapillary inferior nasal SV VD, peripapillary inferior temporal SV VD, peripapillary superior nasal SV VD, and grid-based AV VD inferior sector (P < 0.05). Inside disc SV VD in the COVID-19 group (49.43 ± 4.96) was higher than in the control group (45.46 ± 6.22) which was statistically significant (P = 0.021). Conclusion: Unremarkable decrease was found in ONH microvasculature in patients who had recovered from COVID-19. These patients may be at risk of ONH vascular complications. Increase in inner disc SV VD may be an indicator of ONH hyperemia and edema.

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Evidence of retinal anterograde neurodegeneration in the very early stages of multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal OCT study

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: A 3‐year prospective multicenter study

Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: A 3‐year prospective multicenter study

Optical coherence tomography as retinal imaging biomarker of neuroinflammation/neurodegeneration in systemic disorders in adults and children

Optic Nerve Head Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings after Coronavirus Disease

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