Evidence of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for the management of dental fear in paediatric dentistry: a systematic review protocol

Cianetti, Stefano; Paglia, L; Gatto, Roberto; Montedori, Alessandro; Lupatelli, E

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016043

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…For decades dentists have used various behavior guidance techniques to reduce the children's anxiety to LA injection, including non-pharmacological and pharmacological types (general anesthesia and conscious sedation) [50]. According to McCaul and Mallot [51], distracting the child from an unpleasant stimulus can result in decreased pain perception.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of virtual reality distraction and counter-stimulation on dental anxiety and pain perception in children

Nunna

Dasaraju²,

Kamatham

et al. 2019

J Dent Anesth Pain Med

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Background: This study evaluated the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) distraction and counter-stimulation (CS) on dental anxiety and pain perception to local anesthesia in children. Methods: A prospective, randomized, single-blinded interventional clinical trial with a parallel design was used. Seventy children 7-11 years old who required local anesthesia (LA) for pulp therapy or tooth extraction were recruited and allocated to two groups with equal distribution based on the intervention. Group CS (n = 35) received CS and Group VR (n = 35) received VR distraction with ANTVR glasses. Anxiety levels (using pulse rate) were evaluated before, during, and after administration of local anesthesia, while pain perception was assessed immediately after the injection. Wong-Baker faces pain-rating scale (WBFPS), visual analog scale (VAS), and Venham's clinical anxiety rating scale (VCARS) were used for pain evaluation. Student's t-test was used to test the mean difference between groups, and repeated measures ANOVA was used to test the mean difference of pulse rates. Results: Significant differences in mean pulse rates were observed in both groups, while children in the VR group had a higher reduction (P < 0.05), and the mean VCARS scores were significant in the VR group (P < 0.05). Mean WBFPS scores showed less pain perception to LA needle prick in the CS group while the same change was observed in the VR group with VAS scores. Conclusions: VR distraction is better than CS for reducing anxiety to injection in children undergoing extraction and pulpectomy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative evaluation of virtual reality distraction and counter-stimulation on dental anxiety and pain perception in children

Nunna

Dasaraju²,

Kamatham

et al. 2019

J Dent Anesth Pain Med

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“…Having in mind that dental fear and anxiety are strong negative emotions associated with dental treatment especially among children and adolescents, Cainetti et al, 2017 [ 9 ] conducted a meta-analysis about interventions used to diminish these problems. Two main techniques were analysed: pharmacological and non-pharmacological.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety, Stress and Coping Patterns in Children in Dental Settings

N¹,

Sarakinova²,

Pop-Stefanova-Trposka³

et al. 2018

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND:Fear of the dentist and dental treatment is a common problem. It can cause treatment difficulties for the practitioner, as well as severe consequences for the patient. As is known, the level of stress can be evaluated thought electrodermal activity, cortisol measure in saliva, or indirectly by psychometric tests.AIM:The present study examined the psychological influence of dental interventions on the child as well as coping patterns used for stress diminution.METHODS:We examined two matched groups of patients: a) children with orthodontic problems (anomalies in shape, position and function of dentomaxillofacial structures) (N = 31, mean age 10.3 ± 2.02) years; and b) children with ordinary dental problems (N = 31, mean age 10.3 ± 2.4 years). As psychometric instruments, we used: 45 items Sarason’s scale for anxiety, 20 items simple Stress - test adapted for children, as well as A - cope test for evaluation coping patterns.RESULTS:Obtained scores confirmed the presence of moderate anxiety in both groups as well as moderate stress level. For Sarason’s test obtained scores for the group with dental problems are 20.63 ± 8.37 (from max 45); and for Stress test 7.63 ± 3.45 (from max 20); for the orthodontic group obtained scores are 18.66 ± 6.85 for Sarason’s test, while for the Stress test were 7.76 ± 3.78. One way ANOVA confirmed a significant difference in values of obtained scores related to the age and gender. Calculated Student t - test shows non-significant differences in obtained test results for both groups of examinees. Coping mechanisms evaluated by A - cope test shows that in both groups the most important patterns used for stress relief are: developing self-reliance and optimism; avoiding problems and engaging in demanding activity.CONCLUSION:This study confirmed that moderate stress level and anxiety are present in both groups of patients (orthodontic and dental). Obtained scores are depending on gender and age. As more used coping patterns in both groups are developing self-reliance and optimism; avoiding problems and engaging in demanding activity. Some strategies for managing this problem are discussed.

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“…Dental anxiety can usually be managed by pharmacological interventions, non‐pharmacological interventions, or both . Pharmacological interventions contain benzodiazepines, nitrous oxide(nitrous oxide usually are matched with oral drugs), general anesthesia, and other agents (chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dental anxiety can usually be managed by pharmacological interventions, non-pharmacological interventions, or both. 12,13 Pharmacological interventions contain benzodiazepines, nitrous oxide(nitrous oxide usually are matched with oral drugs), general anesthesia, and other agents (chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine). 14 Non-pharmacological interventions include virtual reality, audiovisual distraction, musical distraction, reinforcement, stop-signaling, "tellshow-do", hands over mouth, modeling, and so on.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of audiovisual distraction on the management of dental anxiety in children: A systematic review

Liu

Wang

et al. 2018

Int J Paed Dentistry

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Summary Background Audiovisual distraction, a non‐pharmacological intervention, has been used to manage dental anxiety in prior clinical trials. Aim Synthesize the available evidences to evaluate the efficacy of audiovisual distraction techniques on the management of dental anxiety in children. Design Electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase) were searched. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and methodological quality of included trials was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's criteria. Information on reported anxiety, pain, behaviors, vital signs (including blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and pulse rate), and children satisfaction was analyzed. Results Nine studies were included for a systematic review, and none of them had low risk of bias. Significant differences in anxiety were found. According to the study, a majority of results indicated a significant difference in pain and behavior between the audiovisual and control group. Three studies reported children in the audiovisual group preferred usage of an audiovisual device for future dental visits. No significant differences could be found regarding blood pressure. Conclusions There is some low‐quality evidence suggesting that the usage of audiovisual distraction during dental treatment may relieve children's dental anxiety.

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Evidence of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for the management of dental fear in paediatric dentistry: a systematic review protocol

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Comparative evaluation of virtual reality distraction and counter-stimulation on dental anxiety and pain perception in children

Comparative evaluation of virtual reality distraction and counter-stimulation on dental anxiety and pain perception in children

Anxiety, Stress and Coping Patterns in Children in Dental Settings

Effect of audiovisual distraction on the management of dental anxiety in children: A systematic review

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