Evidence of ozone-induced adverse effects on crops in the Mediterranean region

Fumagalli, I.; Gimeno, B.S.; Velissariou, D.; Temmerman, Ludwig De; Mills, Gina

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00468-4

Cited by 105 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Ozone exposure can result in visible leaf injury (leaf stipple, pale yellow or bronze lesions), which can alter the economic value of leafy vegetables (Fumagalli et al, 2001), whilst long-term exposure tends to be associated with growth or yield reductions and altered sensitivity to other abiotic and biotic stresses. Local controls on precursor emissions have partially reduced peak ozone levels in regions such as the USA and Europe in the last two decades (CLRTAP, 2016;Cooper et al, 2012;Derwent et al, 2010;Simon et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Present-day tropospheric ozone distribution and trends relevant to vegetation

Mills

Pleijel

Malley

et al. 2018

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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271

182

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This Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) on the current state of knowledge of ozone metrics of relevance to vegetation (TOAR-Vegetation) reports on present-day global distribution of ozone at over 3300 vegetated sites and the long-term trends at nearly 1200 sites.TOAR-Vegetationfocusses on three metrics over vegetation-relevant time-periods across major world climatic zones: M12, the mean ozone during 08:00–19:59; AOT40, the accumulation of hourly mean ozone values over 40 ppb during daylight hours, and W126 with stronger weighting to higher hourly mean values, accumulated during 08:00–19:59.Although the density of measurement stations is highly variable across regions, in general, the highest ozone values (mean, 2010–14) are in mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere, including southern USA, the Mediterranean basin, northern India, north, north-west and east China, the Republic of Korea and Japan. The lowest metric values reported are in Australia, New Zealand, southern parts of South America and some northern parts of Europe, Canada and the USA. Regional-scale assessments showed, for example, significantly higher AOT40 and W126 values in East Asia (EAS) than Europe (EUR) in wheat growing areas (p< 0.05), but not in rice growing areas. In NAM, the dominant trend during 1995–2014 was a significant decrease in ozone, whilst in EUR it was no change and in EAS it was a significant increase.TOAR-Vegetation provides recommendations to facilitate a more complete global assessment of ozone impacts on vegetation in the future, including: an increase in monitoring of ozone and collation of field evidence of the damaging effects on vegetation; an investigation of the effects on peri-urban agriculture and in mountain/upland areas; inclusion of additional pollutant, meteorological and inlet height data in the TOAR dataset; where not already in existence, establishing new region-specific thresholds for vegetation damage and an innovative integration of observations and modelling including stomatal uptake of the pollutant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Present-day tropospheric ozone distribution and trends relevant to vegetation

Mills

Pleijel

Malley

et al. 2018

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

Self Cite

271

182

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“…In North America, visible injury has also been included in Forest Health monitoring programmes; it is frequently observed in several bioindicator plants of forested ecosystems of California (Campbell et al, 2007). Besides the results of these large-scale programmes, several other studies have focused on visible injury and on identification of suitable bioindicator species at a smaller scale in different parts of the world (e.g., Skelly et al, 1999;Fumagalli et al, 2001;Manning and Godzik, 2004;Sanz et al, 2001;Bergweiler et al, 2008;Coulston et al, 2003). However, despite the important pollution problems of China, reports of visible injury to vegetation are surprisingly low (Wan et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of widespread ozone-induced visible injury on plants in Beijing, China

Zhu

Sun

Wan

et al. 2014

Environmental Pollution

158

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a b s t r a c tDespite the high ozone levels measured in China, and in Beijing in particular, reports of ozone-induced visible injury in vegetation are very scarce. Visible injury was investigated on July and August 2013 in the main parks, forest and agricultural areas of Beijing. Ozone injury was widespread in the area, being observed in 28 different species. Symptoms were more frequent in rural areas and mountains from northern Beijing, downwind from the city, and less frequent in city gardens. Among crops, injury to different types of beans (genera Phaseolus, Canavalia and Vigna) was common, and it was also observed in watermelon, grape vine, and in gourds. Native species such as ailanthus, several pines and ash species were also symptomatic. The black locust, the rose of Sharon and the Japanese morning glory were among the injured ornamental plants. Target species for broader bio-monitoring surveys in temperate China have been identified.

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“…Ozone is a hazard to human health (Mustafa, 1990;Pryor, 1992;WHO, 2013) and plants and animals (Murphy et al, 1999;Fumagalli et al, 2001;Nali et al, 2002;Van Dingenen et al, 2009) and a greenhouse gas (IPCC, 2007). Prediction of ozone air quality on local and regional scales is key for providing prior warning of impending ozone exceedances (Dabberdt et al, 2004(Dabberdt et al, , 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of observing characteristics on the ability to predict ozone under varying polluted photochemical regimes

et al. 2015

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Abstract. We conduct analyses to assess how characteristics of observations of ozone and its precursors affect air quality forecasting and research. To carry out this investigation, we use a photochemical box model and its adjoint integrated with a Lagrangian 4D-variational data assimilation system. Using this framework in conjunction with pseudoobservations, we perform an ozone precursor source inversion and estimate surface emissions. We then assess the resulting improvement in ozone air quality prediction. We use an analytical model to conduct uncertainty analyses. Using this analytical tool, we address some key questions regarding how the characteristics of observations affect ozone precursor emission inversion and in turn ozone prediction. These questions include what the effect is of choosing which species to observe, of varying amounts of observation noise, of changing the observing frequency and the observation time during the diurnal cycle, and of how these different scenarios interact with different photochemical regimes. In our investigation we use three observed species scenarios: CO and NO 2 ; ozone, CO, and NO 2 ; and HCHO, CO and NO 2 . The photochemical model was set up to simulate a range of summertime polluted environments spanning NO x -(NO and NO 2 )-limited to volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited conditions. We find that as the photochemical regime changes, here is a variation in the relative importance of trace gas observations to be able to constrain emission estimates and to improve the subsequent ozone forecasts. For example, adding ozone observations to an NO 2 and CO observing system is found to decrease ozone prediction error under NO x -and VOC-limited regimes, and complementing the NO 2 and CO system with HCHO observations would improve ozone prediction in the transitional regime and under VOC-limited conditions. We found that scenarios observing ozone and HCHO with a relative observing noise of lower than 33 % were able to achieve ozone prediction errors of lower than 5 ppbv (parts per billion by volume). Further, only observing intervals of 3 h or shorter were able to consistently achieve ozone prediction errors of 5 ppbv or lower across all photochemical regimes. Making observations closer to the prediction period and either in the morning or afternoon rush hour periods made greater improvements for ozone prediction: 0.2-0.3 ppbv for the morning rush hour and from 0.3 to 0.8 ppbv for the afternoon compared to only 0-0.1 ppbv for other times of the day. Finally, we made two complementary analyses that show that our conclusions are insensitive to the assumed diurnal emission cycle and to the choice of which VOC species emission to estimate using our framework. These questions will address how different types of observing platform, e.g. geostationary satellites or ground monitoring networks, could support future air quality research and forecasting.

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Evidence of ozone-induced adverse effects on crops in the Mediterranean region

Cited by 105 publications

References 19 publications

Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Present-day tropospheric ozone distribution and trends relevant to vegetation

Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Present-day tropospheric ozone distribution and trends relevant to vegetation

Evidence of widespread ozone-induced visible injury on plants in Beijing, China

The impact of observing characteristics on the ability to predict ozone under varying polluted photochemical regimes

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