Evidence of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> production within or upon ice particles in the Greenland snowpack

Honrath, R. E.; Peterson, Matt A.; Guo, Song; Dibb, Jack E.; Shepson, P. B.; Campbell, Bradley M.

doi:10.1029/1999gl900077

Cited by 357 publications

(364 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…At the relative humidity of !40% observed during the measurement intensive, there should be at least several monolayers of water on the glass manifold wall surfaces [Svensson et al, 1987;Saliba et al, 2001]. Thus the produced NO 2(ads) may react rapidly with adsorbed H 2 O to produce HONO, which is then released from the surface into the air [Pitts et al, 1984] This mechanism is consistent with the recent observations of photochemical production of HONO [Zhou et al, 2001] and NO x [Honrath et al, 1999[Honrath et al, , 2000 in snowpack from nitrate/HNO 3 photolysis. These observations are also supportive of a recent hypothesis that the photolysis of adsorbed HNO 3 /nitrate on ground surfaces is a major daytime source of HONO and thus is responsible for the observed elevated HONO concentrations in the rural atmospheric boundary layer .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Photochemical production of nitrous acid on glass sample manifold surface

Zhou

Huang

et al. 2002

Geophysical Research Letters

124

134

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[1] Significant production of HONO was observed on glass sample manifold wall surface when exposed to sunlight during the PROPHET 2000 summer measurement intensive. It is hypothesized that the artifact HONO was produced by photolysis of adsorbed nitric acid/nitrate on the manifold wall surfaces followed by the subsequent reaction of produced NO 2 and adsorbed H 2 O on surface. This observation suggests against the use of an unshielded glass manifold as a sampling inlet for the measurement of atmospheric HONO. It may also have some implications in interpreting field NO x data measured using similar glass inlet manifolds, especially from the clean remote environments where NO x is low and HNO 3 is a major fraction of NO y .

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Photochemical production of nitrous acid on glass sample manifold surface

Zhou

Huang

et al. 2002

Geophysical Research Letters

124

134

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“…[22][23][24][25] Less is known about the photochemistry of nitrate in complex aerosol mixtures, such as in processed sea salt aerosols. Sea salt particles, whether processed or unprocessed, are likely to exist as concentrated aqueous droplets at ambient relative humidities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced surface photochemistry in chloride–nitrate ion mixtures

Wingen

Moskun

Johnson

et al. 2008

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

116

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Heterogeneous reactions of sea salt aerosol with various oxides of nitrogen lead to replacement of chloride ion by nitrate ion. Studies of the photochemistry of a model system were carried out using deliquesced mixtures of NaCl and NaNO 3 on a Teflon s substrate. Varying molar ratios of NaCl to NaNO 3 (1 : 9 Cl À : NO 3 À , 1 : 1 Cl À : NO 3 À , 3 : 1 Cl À : NO 3 À , 9 : 1 Cl À : NO 3 À) and NaNO 3 at the same total concentration were irradiated in air at 299 AE 3 K and at a relative humidity of 75 AE 8% using broadband UVB light (270-380 nm). Gaseous NO 2 production was measured as a function of time using a chemiluminescence NO y detector. Surprisingly, an enhanced yield of NO 2 was observed as the chloride to nitrate ratio increased. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show that as the Cl À : NO 3 À ratio increases, the nitrate ions are drawn closer to the interface due to the existence of a double layer of interfacial Cl À and subsurface Na + . This leads to a decreased solvent cage effect when the nitrate ion photodissociates to NO 2 +O À , increasing the effective quantum yield and hence the production of gaseous NO 2 . The implications of enhanced NO 2 and likely OH production as sea salt aerosols become processed in the atmosphere are discussed.

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“…Photochemical reactions also take place in snow. The photolysis of the nitrate ion in snow, resulting in the emission of NO and NO 2 to the atmosphere, has been the subject of numerous studies (Honrath et al, 1999;Jones et al, 2001;Beine et al, 2002). If it is assumed that nitrate ions are adsorbed on the surface of snow particles, a subject of debate (Beine et al, 2006;Jacobi and Hilker, 2007;Grannas et al, 2007) then the rate of nitrate photolysis also depends on snow SSA, as detailed in Domine et al (2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the specific surface area of snow using infrared reflectance in an integrating sphere at 1310 and 1550 nm

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Even though the specific surface area (SSA) and the snow area index (SAI) of snow are crucial variables to determine the chemical and climatic impact of the snow cover, few data are available on the subject. We propose here a novel method to measure snow SSA and SAI. It is based on the measurement of the hemispherical infrared reflectance of snow samples using the DUFISSS instrument (DUal Frequency Integrating Sphere for Snow SSA measurement). DUFISSS uses the 1310 or 1550 nm radiation of laser diodes, an integrating sphere 15 cm in diameter, and InGaAs photodiodes. For SSA<60 m 2 kg −1 , we use the 1310 nm radiation, reflectance is between 15 and 50% and the accuracy of SSA determination is 10%. For SSA>60 m 2 kg −1 , snow is usually of low density (typically 30 to 100 kg m −3 ), resulting in insufficient optical depth and 1310 nm radiation reaches the bottom of the sample, causing artifacts. The 1550 nm radiation is therefore used for SSA>60 m 2 kg −1 . Reflectance is then in the range 5 to 12% and the accuracy on SSA is 12%. We propose empirical equations to determine SSA from reflectance at both wavelengths, with that for 1310 nm taking into account the snow density. DUFISSS has been used to measure the SSA of snow and the SAI of snowpacks in polar and Alpine regions.

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Evidence of NO_x production within or upon ice particles in the Greenland snowpack

Abstract: Abstract.NOs and NOv were determined in the interstitial air of surface snow and in ambient air at Summit,

Cited by 357 publications

References 27 publications

Photochemical production of nitrous acid on glass sample manifold surface

Photochemical production of nitrous acid on glass sample manifold surface

Enhanced surface photochemistry in chloride–nitrate ion mixtures

Measurement of the specific surface area of snow using infrared reflectance in an integrating sphere at 1310 and 1550 nm

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Evidence of NOx production within or upon ice particles in the Greenland snowpack

Abstract: Abstract.NOs and NOv were determined in the interstitial air of surface snow and in ambient air at Summit,

Cited by 357 publications

References 27 publications

Photochemical production of nitrous acid on glass sample manifold surface

Photochemical production of nitrous acid on glass sample manifold surface

Enhanced surface photochemistry in chloride–nitrate ion mixtures

Measurement of the specific surface area of snow using infrared reflectance in an integrating sphere at 1310 and 1550 nm

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Evidence of NO_x production within or upon ice particles in the Greenland snowpack