Evidence of improved power conversion efficiency in lead-free CsGeI3 based perovskite solar cell heterostructure via <scp>scaps</scp> simulation

Raj, Abhishek; Kumar, Manish; Bherwani, Hemant; Gupta, Ankit; Anshul, Avneesh

doi:10.1116/6.0000718

Cited by 91 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…23 In addition, it has been predicted that the total power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of the CsGeI 3 solar cell devices can reach 18.3%, which is influenced by the thickness of electron affinity, temperature, electron transport layer, hole transport layer, defect density, doping concentration, absorber, and series resistance on the optimization of the lead-free device. 24 These good experimental and theoretical prediction results showed that Ge-based perovskites are promising materials for photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. The bandgap size, orbital information, and electronic contribution can be obtained by calculating electronic properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in CsGeX₃ (X = I, Br or Cl) perovskites: insights from first-principles calculations

Xiang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in CsGeX₃ (X = I, Br or Cl) perovskites: insights from first-principles calculations

Xiang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…Parameter TCO [11,44,45] PCBM [46,47] CsPbI 3 [48][49][50] CsSnI 3 [51,52] CsGeI 3 [15] MAPbI 3 [53,54] Cu 2 O [32] Thickness [nm] 500 a) 30 a) 1400 a) 1200 a) 1500 a) 1800 a) 50 a)…”

Section: Influence Of Dopant Concentration Of the Absorber Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 14 ] Recent simulation studies on CsGeI 3 ‐based PSCs with TiO 2 and SpiroMeOTAD as transport layers shows that a PCE of 18.30% can be achieved through proper optimization of the device input parameters. [ 15 ] However, the experimental fabrication of the solar cell with CsGeI 3 as the absorber layer and TiO 2 and SpiroMeOTAD as the transport layers exhibited a PCE of 0.11% only. [ 16 ] The large disparity in PCE values observed experimentally and theoretically for CsPbI 3 ‐, CsSnI 3 ‐, and CsGeI 3 ‐based PSCs indicates that extended research is needed to determine the best combination of materials to employ as various layers in the PSC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Comparative Performance Analysis of High‐Efficiency Lead‐Based and Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Jayan

2022

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Recently, the attention of photovoltaic (PV) community has been switched to a newcomer in the PV industry, namely the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) owing to their high power conversion efficiency (PCE), suitable band alignment, high diffusion length of charge carriers, and efficient photon absorption in the visible and near IR region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The continuing research efforts to improve the performance parameters of PSCs have improved the PCE from 3.9% in 2009 to a high value of 25.6% in 2021. [1,2] Even so, the commercialization of PSCs with the most popular absorber material, viz. CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (methyl ammonium lead iodide or MAPbI 3 ), is severely constrained as the entire perovskite absorber layer is chemically and thermally unstable due to the inherent instability of the organic cation present in it. One possible solution to improve the stability of the device is to replace the hybrid organic inorganic perovskite layer with an inorganic halide perovskite layer without affecting the charge extraction efficiency of the device. The current research effort in device architecture, materials, and interfaces makes the expected commercialization and use of PSCs very plausible and fascinating. Cesium (Cs) remains the best option for the unstable organic methyl ammonium (MA) cation in the widely used perovskite absorber material MAPbI 3 . Studies show that Cs incorporation in hybrid perovskites may increase thermal stability at temperatures above 100 C, optimise optical and electrical properties, control thermodynamic phase stability, finely regulate layer formation, and enhance device performance consistency. [3] Beyond Cs-doped hybrid perovskites, its fully inorganic counterpart, in which the organic part is totally replaced by Cs cation, also exhibits intriguing properties, which can be modified further to improve the interface between the active material and the neighboring transport layers of the device to enhance the transport of charge carriers. [4][5][6][7] A study shows that a highest PCE of 19.03% can be achieved with the device configuration FTO/TiO 2 /CsPbI 3 / SpiroMeOTAD/Ag when the popular but unstable transport layers TiO 2 and SpiroMeOTAD are employed with the CsPbI 3 absorber layer. [8] However, under optimum values of input parameters, a simulation study shows that a PCE of 21.4% for CsPbI 3 -based PSC with SnO 2 and Cu 2 O as transport layers can be achieved. [9] Even when the inorganic Cs-based lead halide perovskites exhibit comparatively good PCE, the toxic nature of lead (Pb) and the overall instability of the solar cell itself pose significant obstacles toward the large-scale commercialization of PSCs. [10] The substitution of nontoxic cations like Ge 2þ or Sn 2þ for poisonous Pb 2þ in inorganic Cs-based lead halide perovskites is one of the important steps toward the commercialization of PSCs. [11] Due to the intrinsic oxidation of Sn 2þ and Ge 2þ to Sn 4þ and Ge 4þ states, respectively, leading to device instability, computational modeling, and performance analysis o...

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“…Figure 2 shows the J-V characteristics of different FTO/TiO 2 /lead-free perovskite/CZTS/ Au structures; the lead-free perovskites used in this graph were: MASnI 3 , FASnI 3 , Cs 2 TiBr 6 , (FA) 2 BiCuI 6 and CsGeI 3 [13,[24][25][26][27]. 𝐷 𝑛(𝑝) diffusion coefficient of electrons and holes.…”

Section: Figure 2 J−v Characteristics Of Lead-free N-i-p Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of a Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cell Using CZTS as HTL to Achieve a 20% PCE by SCAPS-1D Simulation

et al. 2021

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In this paper, a n-i-p planar heterojunction simulation of Sn-based iodide perovskite solar cell (PSC) is proposed. The solar cell structure consists of a Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate on which titanium oxide (TiO2) is placed; this material will act as an electron transporting layer (ETL); then, we have the tin perovskite CH3NH3SnI3 (MASnI3) which is the absorber layer and next a copper zinc and tin sulfide (CZTS) that will have the function of a hole transporting layer (HTL). This material is used due to its simple synthesis process and band tuning, in addition to presenting good electrical properties and stability; it is also a low-cost and non-toxic inorganic material. Finally, gold (Au) is placed as a back contact. The lead-free perovskite solar cell was simulated using a Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D). The simulations were performed under AM 1.5G light illumination and focused on getting the best efficiency of the solar cell proposed. The thickness of MASnI3 and CZTS, band gap of CZTS, operating temperature in the range between 250 K and 350 K, acceptor concentration and defect density of absorber layer were the parameters optimized in the solar cell device. The simulation results indicate that absorber thicknesses of 500 nm and 300 nm for CZTS are appropriate for the solar cell. Further, when optimum values of the acceptor density (NA) and defect density (Nt), 1016 cm−3 and 1014 cm−3, respectively, were used, the best electrical values were obtained: Jsc of 31.66 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.96 V, FF of 67% and PCE of 20.28%. Due to the enhanced performance parameters, the structure of the device could be used in applications for a solar energy harvesting system.

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Evidence of improved power conversion efficiency in lead-free CsGeI3 based perovskite solar cell heterostructure via scaps simulation

Cited by 91 publications

References 71 publications

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in CsGeX₃ (X = I, Br or Cl) perovskites: insights from first-principles calculations

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in CsGeX₃ (X = I, Br or Cl) perovskites: insights from first-principles calculations

Design and Comparative Performance Analysis of High‐Efficiency Lead‐Based and Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Study of a Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cell Using CZTS as HTL to Achieve a 20% PCE by SCAPS-1D Simulation

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Evidence of improved power conversion efficiency in lead-free CsGeI3 based perovskite solar cell heterostructure via scaps simulation

Cited by 91 publications

References 71 publications

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in CsGeX3 (X = I, Br or Cl) perovskites: insights from first-principles calculations

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in CsGeX3 (X = I, Br or Cl) perovskites: insights from first-principles calculations

Design and Comparative Performance Analysis of High‐Efficiency Lead‐Based and Lead‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Study of a Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cell Using CZTS as HTL to Achieve a 20% PCE by SCAPS-1D Simulation

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Strain-induced bandgap engineering in CsGeX₃ (X = I, Br or Cl) perovskites: insights from first-principles calculations

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in CsGeX₃ (X = I, Br or Cl) perovskites: insights from first-principles calculations