Evidence of Androgen Receptor Expression in Lichen Sclerosus: An Immunohistochemical Study

Kohlberger, Petra; Joura, Elmar A.; Bancher, Dagmar; Gitsch, G.; Breitenecker, G.; Kieback, D. G.

doi:10.1177/107155769800500610

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…13 Nevertheless, others have identified both ARs and ERs in normal vulvae. 12,14 However, these latter studies did not investigate the expression of the ERb isoform in normal or diseased vulva and vagina. 14 Biochemical studies have indicated that oestrogen-and androgen-binding sites are low in vulval biopsies of patients with VLS, and that topical oestrogen treatment in pregnant women at term increases the binding capacity of testosterone in the vulva, suggestive of increased AR expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the vulva and vagina being oestrogen and androgen target tissues, 10 some studies have failed to demonstrate the presence of receptors for oestrogen or androgen in normal tissues 13 . Nevertheless, others have identified both ARs and ERs in normal vulvae 12,14 . However, these latter studies did not investigate the expression of the ERβ isoform in normal or diseased vulva and vagina 14 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Although autoimmune disorders, infectious disease, chronic irritation and sex steroid hormone insensitivity are all implicated in the pathogenesis of both VLS and CV, a definitive cause is not currently apparent 1,8,11 . Local steroid treatment is thought to alter the local immune response, reduce chemokine synthesis and, importantly, to increase epithelial cell proliferation, 12 but these possible mechanisms remain inconclusive.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Differential expression of oestrogen receptor isoforms and androgen receptor in the normal vulva and vagina compared with vulval lichen sclerosus and chronic vaginitis

Taylor

Guzail

Al‐Azzawi

2007

British Journal of Dermatology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Differential expression of oestrogen receptor isoforms and androgen receptor in the normal vulva and vagina compared with vulval lichen sclerosus and chronic vaginitis

Taylor

Guzail

Al‐Azzawi

2007

British Journal of Dermatology

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“…ER expression was present in only one of 39 and none had PR expression. Interestingly four of 5 women with ER had asymptomatic LS (Kohlberger ).…”

Section: Hormonalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence‐based (S3) Guideline on (anogenital) Lichen sclerosus

Kirtschig

Becker²,

Günthert

et al. 2015

Acad Dermatol Venereol

258

155

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Lichen sclerosus (LS) is an inflammatory skin disease that usually involves the anogenital area. All patients with symptoms or signs suspicious of lichen sclerosus should be seen at least once initially by a physician with a special interest in the disease in order to avoid delay in diagnosis, as early treatment may cure the disease in some and reduce or prevent scarring. The diagnosis is made clinically in most cases. Biopsies should only be performed under certain circumstances. The gold standard for treatment remains potent to very potent topical steroids; however, mild and moderate disease in boys and men may be cured by circumcision. Certain triggers should be avoided.

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“…In addition to these hypotheses, we found in the literature a small study about the localization and level of androgen, oestrogen and progesterone receptor expression in lichen sclerosus and in normal vulvar skin. Androgen receptor was expressed in 12.8% of tissue specimens of lichen sclerosus, oestrogen receptor in only one patient, and progesterone receptor in none 3 . These data show that there is no evidence to date in support of the exclusive role of any single factor in the pathogenesis of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus.…”

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confidence: 74%

Bullous lichen sclerosus atrophicus

Ristić¹,

Divic²,

Belic³

et al. 2003

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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References1 Hajjeh RA, Conn LA, Stephens DS et al. Cryptococcosis in the United States: population-based multistate active surveillance and risk factors in HIV-infected persons. J Infect Dis 1999; 179 : 449 -454. 2 Gaddoni D, Resta F, Baldassari L et al. Criptococcosi cutanea in corso di AIDS. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 1993; 128 : 129 -132. 3 Vandersmissen G, Meuleman L, Tits G et al. Cutaneous cryptococcosis in corticosteroid-treated patients without AIDS. Acta Clin Belg 1996; 51 (2): 111 -117. 4 Nampoory MR, Khan ZU, Johny KV et al. Invasive fungal infections in renal transplant recipients. J Infect 1996; 33 (2): 95 -101. 5 Krcmery V Jr, Kunova A, Mardiak J. Nosocomial Cryptococcus laurentii fungemia in a bone marrow transplant patient after prophylaxis with ketoconazole successfully treated with oral fluconazole. Infection 1997; 25 (2): 130. 6 Bangert RL, Cho BR, Widders PR et al. A survey of aerobic bacteria and fungi in the feces of healthy psittacine birds. Avian Dis 1988; 32 : 46 -52. 7 Slavikova E, Vadkertiova R. Yeasts and yeast-like organisms isolated from fish-pond waters. Acta Microbiol Pol 1995; 44 (2): 181-189. 8 Bellosta M, Gaviglio MR, Mosconi M et al. Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis in an HIV-negative patient. Eur J Dermatol 1999; 9 (3): 224 -226. 9 Dimino-Emme L, Gurevitch AW. Cutaneous manifestations of disseminated cryptococcosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995; 32 (5, Part 2): 844 -850. 10 Kordossis T, Avlami A, Velegraki A et al. First report of Cryptococcus laurentii meningitis and a fatal case of Cryptococcus albidus cryptococcaemia in AIDS patients. Med Mycol 1998; 36 (5): 335 -339. 11 Johnson LB, Bradley SF, Kauffman CA. Fungaemia due to Cryptococcus laurentii and a review of non-neoformans cryptococcaemia. References 1 Carlson JA, Murphy M. Androgen receptors and lichen sclerosus (letter). J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 43: 559. 2 Clifton M, Smoller B. Androgen receptors and lichen sclerosus (reply). J Am Acad Dermatol 2000; 43: 559. 3 Kohlberger PD, Joura EA, Bancher D, Gitsch G, Breitenecker G, Kieback DG. Evidence of androgen receptor expression in lichen sclerosus: an immunohistochemical study. J Soc Gynecol Invest 1998; 5: 331-333. 4 Powell JJ, Wojnarowska F. Lichen sclerosus. Lancet 1999; 353: 1777-1783. 5 Carlson JA, Ambros R, Malfetano J et al. Vulvar lichen sclerosus and squamous cell carcinoma: a cohort, case control, and investigational study with historical perspective; implications for chronic inflammation and sclerosis in the development of neoplasia. J Am Board Fam Pract 1999; 12: 473 -476. 6 Tidy JA, Soutter WP, Luesley DM, MacLean AB, Buckley CH, Ridley CM. Management of lichen sclerosus and intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva in the UK.

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Evidence of Androgen Receptor Expression in Lichen Sclerosus: An Immunohistochemical Study

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Differential expression of oestrogen receptor isoforms and androgen receptor in the normal vulva and vagina compared with vulval lichen sclerosus and chronic vaginitis

Differential expression of oestrogen receptor isoforms and androgen receptor in the normal vulva and vagina compared with vulval lichen sclerosus and chronic vaginitis

Evidence‐based (S3) Guideline on (anogenital) Lichen sclerosus

Bullous lichen sclerosus atrophicus

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