Evidence of Alloy Formation during the Activation of Graphite-Supported Palladium-Cobalt Catalysts

Partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas on Pt/CexZr1−xO2 catalysts: the effect of the support reducibility and of the metal dispersion on the stability of the catalysts

“…After calcination at 1073 K of supports, the XRD data were collected at 0.048/step with integration times of 1 s/step. Crystallite sizes were estimated from the integral breadth of the line with the higher intensity using the Scherrer equation [18].…”

Supported bimetallic Pd–Co catalysts: characterization and catalytic activity

“…The presence of Pd shifted the temperature of cobalt reduction between 119 and 142 • C, depending on the Co/Pd atomic ratio. Schmal and coworkers [4] also confirmed interaction between both metals by magnetic measurements at different reduction temperatures. Cobalt reduction degree of Pd-Co supported on graphite and niobia at different temperatures from magnetic measurements are compared in Fig.…”

“…Schmal and coworkers studied the nature of Pd-Co interactions on graphite [3,4] and niobia [5]. They demonstrated that the formation of a solid solution decreased the adsorption strength of hydrocarbons, increasing the turnover frequencies and influencing product selectivity.…”

“…Knowledge of the structural (ensemble) and electronic (ligand) effects is essential to catalyst optimization as both segregation and different adsorption properties may be explained by them [2]. Characterization techniques such as XRD, XPS, TPR, EXAFS and magnetic measurements have been used to determine the formation of bimetallic particles and/or alloys [3][4][5].…”

Effect of K, Mn and Cr on the Fischer–Tropsch Activity of Fe:Co/TiO2 Catalysts

“…The main role of the promoter here appears to be that of assisting with the metal reducibility and studies have been carried out with Re [14], Ru [15], Pd [16], Pt [17,18] etc. Attempts to add Zn, S and B [19][20][21] have met with less success.…”