Evidence for the Widespread Occurrence of a Gibberellic Acid-Like Substance in Higher Plants

Synthesis of Gibberellin‐like Substances in Matthiola incana under Different Temperature Conditions

“…The gibberellins play an active role in flower formation in many coldrequiring and long-day plants (5,12,13) including column stock, Matthiola incana (2,6). The presence of gibberellin-like substances in higher plants has also been reported by many investigators (1,3,5,7,8,10,11). In most cases these substances have been separated chromatographically from crude plant extracts using different solvents such as a mixture of acetone and water by West and Reilly (14) and Smith and Rappaport (11); pure acetone by Corcoran (3); phosphate-citrate buffer of pH 3.8 at -15 C by Simpson (10); ethyl acetate by McComb and Carr (7), and Alder et al (1); 70 "/o aqueous alcohol after freezing at -30 C for one month by MacMillan et al (8).…”

“…The presence of gibberellin-like substances in higher plants has also been reported by many investigators (1,3,5,7,8,10,11). In most cases these substances have been separated chromatographically from crude plant extracts using different solvents such as a mixture of acetone and water by West and Reilly (14) and Smith and Rappaport (11); pure acetone by Corcoran (3); phosphate-citrate buffer of pH 3.8 at -15 C by Simpson (10); ethyl acetate by McComb and Carr (7), and Alder et al (1); 70 "/o aqueous alcohol after freezing at -30 C for one month by MacMillan et al (8). In almost all cases the gibberellin-like substances have been identified by comparing the chromatographic behavior of the vmknowns with that of a known sample of gibberellins after spraying with concentrated sulfuric acid (7,11).…”

“…Therefore GA was separated from the mixture by using descending chromatography, using Whatman No. 54 paper with the following solvent system by voluine): 25 parts of acetone, 25 parts of tert.-amyl alcohol, 25 parts of n-butyl alcohol, 10 parts of concentrated ammonia, and enough water to make 100 parts (1). The Rf value of GA was determined by the use of tritium-labhelled GA under similar conditions as that of the unknowns.…”

Metabolic Changes Associated with the Germination of Corn. III. Effects of Gibberellic Acid on Endosperm Metabolism

“…A series of papers by P'aleg (8,9,10) have dlescril)ed the dependence of loss of (iry weight, starclh hydrolysis anld protein release in excised barley endospermi on the presence of a(ldled GA. \VNork with many varieties of barley, \wheat and oats has confirmiied tlhe genierality of this effect (11,12). Silnce G-A-like compounds occtur in harley embryos (15) an1d in many higher-plant tissuies (1,7). it is likely that endospermi metabolism is initiated by the release of suicih comlpoun(ls froml the ellnbrvo dutring niormial geeneration.…”

Tentative identification of gibberellin A7 in immature seeds of iris

“…None of these, however, contain the C-l and C-2 (ent-gibberellane number system) unsaturation and the C-3 hydroxyl nor the ability to easily form this combination. This combination together with the C-4 -* C-10 lactone or its hydrolyzed and dehydrated or intermediate state is apparently essential for ultraviolet-induced fluorescence immediately after contact with concentrated sulfuric acid (Adler et al, 1961). Thus, among the currently known gibberellins with elucidated structures, the collective properties shown by iris IV are uniquely those of GA7.…”