Evidence for the prominence of well characterized mesophilic bacteria in thermophilic (50–70°C) composting environments

Droffner, Mary L.; Brinton, William F.; Evans, Eric J.

doi:10.1016/0961-9534(95)00002-o

Cited by 41 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Indeed, high levels of CDSs assigned to this bacterial order become more prominent when temperature decreases to less than 50 °C (D99). Most (69.2%) of the D99 Enterobacteriales CDSs were assigned to a single species, Klebsiella pneumoniae , which is known to perform cellulose and hemicellulose degradation, nitrogen fixation, and has been associated with wood, termite gut, and composting ecosystems5960. Other studies also recorded the marked presence of members of the orders Enterobacteriales, especially Klebsiella species, in wheat straw degrading microbial consortia6162.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial community structure and dynamics in thermophilic composting viewed through metagenomics and metatranscriptomics

Antunes

Martins

Pereira

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

189

116

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Composting is a promising source of new organisms and thermostable enzymes that may be helpful in environmental management and industrial processes. Here we present results of metagenomic- and metatranscriptomic-based analyses of a large composting operation in the São Paulo Zoo Park. This composting exhibits a sustained thermophilic profile (50 °C to 75 °C), which seems to preclude fungal activity. The main novelty of our study is the combination of time-series sampling with shotgun DNA, 16S rRNA gene amplicon, and metatranscriptome high-throughput sequencing, enabling an unprecedented detailed view of microbial community structure, dynamics, and function in this ecosystem. The time-series data showed that the turning procedure has a strong impact on the compost microbiota, restoring to a certain extent the population profile seen at the beginning of the process; and that lignocellulosic biomass deconstruction occurs synergistically and sequentially, with hemicellulose being degraded preferentially to cellulose and lignin. Moreover, our sequencing data allowed near-complete genome reconstruction of five bacterial species previously found in biomass-degrading environments and of a novel biodegrading bacterial species, likely a new genus in the order Bacillales. The data and analyses provided are a rich source for additional investigations of thermophilic composting microbiology.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial community structure and dynamics in thermophilic composting viewed through metagenomics and metatranscriptomics

Antunes

Martins

Pereira

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

189

116

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“…In this sense it is fundamentally incorrect to characterize VOA production as resulting simply from "bad, anaerobic conditions." The shifting of microbial populations during composting (Droffner et al 1995) and the shunting of metabolic by-products between aerobes and facultative anaerobes in composts -and the resulting influence on system temperature and pH -we conjecture, constitutes a dynamic self-regulatory mechanism (see Figure 1). VOA belong to this cycle and the reason to study them is to understand where the line is drawn.…”

Section: High Initial Respiration ;mentioning

confidence: 89%

Volatile Organic Acids In Compost: Production and Odorant Aspects

Brinton¹

1998

Compost Science & Utilization

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Samples of active and cured compost from across the U.S. are examined for volatile organic acids (VOA) in relation to other microbiological and chemical properties. VOA are considered important because they reflect temporal microbiological properties of active and cured compost that influence the potential for compost to become odorous and phytotoxic. Data collected from 712 compost samples reveals a wide range of concentration for VOA between 75 and 51,474 ppm (dry basis) with a mean concentration of 4,385 ppm. To understand the variability of VOA, technology and site-specific testing data are needed. The results underscore concern for phytotoxicity and odor release potential, as 15 percent of samples exceeded 10,000 ppm and 2.5 percent exceeded 25,000 ppm VOA. Data and methodologies presented are viewed as useful to better understand relationships between compost biological activities and production of malodorous and phytotoxic VOA.

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“…Pathogens have been observed in sludge or manure composts (12,22,36). The objective of this work was to study the potential survival of the seeded pathogens L. monocytogenes and Salmonella serovar Enteritidis and nonpathogenic E. coli in biowaste composts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…has been reported during composting of several types of waste, such as animal manure and sewage sludge (10,21,25,26,29,38). However, persistence of Listeria spp., Salmonella spp., and nonpathogenic E. coli during composting (10)(11)(12) and survival of Salmonella spp. and nonpathogenic E. coli in mature composts have been reported (22,(34)(35)(36).…”

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confidence: 99%

Long-Term Survival of Pathogenic and Sanitation Indicator Bacteria in Experimental Biowaste Composts

Lemunier

Francou

Rousseaux

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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For economic, agricultural, and environmental reasons, composting is frequently used for organic waste recycling. One approach to limiting the potential risk from bacterial food-borne illnesses is to ensure that soil amendments and organic fertilizers are disinfected. However, more knowledge concerning the microbiological safety of composted substrates other than sludge and manure is necessary. Experimental in-vessel biowaste composts were used to study the survival of seeded Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Enteritidis, and Escherichia coli. Four organic waste mixtures, containing various proportions of paper and cardboard, fruits and vegetables, and green waste, were composted in laboratory reactors with forced aeration. The physicochemical and microbiological parameters were monitored for 12 weeks during composting. The survival of bacteria over a 3-month period at 25°C was assessed with samples collected after different experimental composting times. Strain survival was also monitored in mature sterilized composts. Nonsterile composts did not support pathogen growth, but survival of seeded pathogens was observed. Salmonella serovar Enteritidis survived in all composts, and longer survival (3 months) was observed in mature composts (8 and 12 weeks of composting). Mature biowaste composts may support long-term survival of Salmonella serovar Enteritidis during storage at room temperature. E. coli and L. monocytogenes survival was observed only in 4-week-old composts and never in older composts. Proper composting may prevent long-term survival of E. coli and L. monocytogenes. These results suggest that like composted sewage sludge or manure, domestic waste composts may support pathogen survival. Survival was not related to the physicochemical characteristics of the composts.The presence of pathogens in food and outbreaks of foodassociated diseases can be linked to the poor microbial quality of raw agricultural products (5, 9). Furthermore, the transfer of microbial pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, from amended soil to fresh agricultural products has been described (3,24,37). Composting is a time-honored biological treatment used for organic wastes; the resulting composts are useful in agriculture and horticulture for improving many soil attributes. However, microbial safety of organic amendments and fertilizers used in agriculture is required to prevent colonization by food-borne illness pathogens, like E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. (9). In order to reduce the likelihood of pathogen transfer from waste to fresh produce, several international standards for meeting pathogen limits through composting are available (14, 39). According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) standard, class A composts must not exceed maximal limits for either Salmonella spp. (less than 3 most probable numbers [MPN]/4 g) or thermotolerant coliforms (less than 1,000 MPN/g) (39). A draft of a forthcomin...

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Evidence for the prominence of well characterized mesophilic bacteria in thermophilic (50–70°C) composting environments

Cited by 41 publications

References 7 publications

Microbial community structure and dynamics in thermophilic composting viewed through metagenomics and metatranscriptomics

Microbial community structure and dynamics in thermophilic composting viewed through metagenomics and metatranscriptomics

Volatile Organic Acids In Compost: Production and Odorant Aspects

Long-Term Survival of Pathogenic and Sanitation Indicator Bacteria in Experimental Biowaste Composts

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