Evidence for the occurrence of hydrogeochemical processes in the groundwater of Khoy plain, northwestern Iran, using ionic ratios and geochemical modeling

Barzegar, Rahim; Moghaddam, Asghar Asghari; Nazemi, Amir Hossein; Adamowski, Jan

doi:10.1007/s12665-018-7782-y

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…where CDI represents the Chronic Daily Intake or exposure dose (mg/kg/day), C w represents the contaminant concentration in water (mg/L), IRW denotes the ingestion rate (for adults IRW is 2 L/day while for children it is 1 L/day), EF denotes the Exposure Frequency (equivalent to 365 days/ year), ED is the exposure duration (for adults and children, ED is 70 and 6 years, respectively), BW represents the body weight (for adults and children, BW is 70 and 15 kg, respectively), AT represents the average exposure time (AT for adults is 25,550 days while for children, it is 2190 days) (Bortey-Sam et al 2015; Duggal et al 2017; Barzegar et al 2018b).…”

Section: Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where RfD signifies the reference dose of a specific element (mg/kg/day). According to Duggal et al 2017and Barzegar et al (2018b), RfD for different elements is equivalent to 0.7 (Fe), 1 (Al), 0.3 (Zn), 0.046 (Mn), 0.0035 (Pb), 0.02 (Ni), 0.0003 (As), 0.2 (Ba) and 0.04 (Cu). Finally, to calculate the hazard index (HI) of the water samples, the summation of HQ values for the elements is computed, i.e.,…”

Section: Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Values of HI and HQ greater than 1 indicate the noncarcinogenic risk of the specific element exceeds the limit of acceptance (HI = 1), while values less than 1 indicate that the non-carcinogenic risk is within limits of acceptance (USEPA 1989;Su et al 2017). Table 1 shows USEPA (1989) classification of non-carcinogenic risk as presented by Bortey-Sam et al 2015, Barzegar et al (2017bBarzegar et al ( , 2018b.…”

Section: Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The hydrogeochemical signatures, quality indices and health risk assessment of water resources in Umunya district, southeast Nigeria

Mgbenu¹,

Egbueri

2019

Appl Water Sci

195

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The hydrogeochemical characteristics, water quality and health risk statuses of waters in Umunya district, southeastern Nigeria were studied, in attempt to evaluate their suitability for drinking and domestic purposes. Twelve groundwater and 3 surface water samples were analyzed for 26 physicochemical and hydrogeochemical parameters, using standard techniques. Results show that dominance of cations and anions is in the order Ca 2+ > Na + > K + > Mg 2+ and HCO 3-> Cl-> NO 3-> SO 4-, respectively. Order of dominance of the heavy metals is Pb > Zn > Fe > Ni > Mn > Cr > Ba. Eight water types were identified, with Ca-Na-HCO 3 (26.66%) and Na-Cl-HCO 3 (20%) dominating the study area. All the water types characterize five major facies. Further, the result revealed that the physical properties and chemical ionic concentrations in the waters are well below standard maximum permissible limits, although majority of the samples have pH values off the allowable limits of 6.5-8.5, classing the waters as slightly acidic. Generally, the water quality in the study area is deteriorated due to the presence of high levels of heavy metals. Water quality index results show that 46.67% of the water samples are in excellent and good categories. 13.33% are in poor water category, whereas 40% are in category unsuitable for drinking purposes. A good percentage of the waters predispose users to health risks. Stoichiometric and statistical analyses revealed that the variations in chemistry and quality of the waters are due to combined influence of human activities and geogenic processes (silicate weathering and ionic exchanges). Treatment of contaminated waters before use is, therefore, recommended.

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Section: Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The hydrogeochemical signatures, quality indices and health risk assessment of water resources in Umunya district, southeast Nigeria

Mgbenu¹,

Egbueri

2019

Appl Water Sci

195

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“…4 plots the total cation (TZ + , mN) versus HCO 3 − ion concentrations of the lake samples. The data points plot below the 1:1 line imply that the major ion composition of the lake samples is influenced by anthropogenic activities than by the lithology of the drainage catchments [51]. If the major ion composition of Bengaluru lakes was dominated by products of silicate and carbonate weathering, the data points would plot on or close to the 1:1 line [8].…”

Section: The Negative Correlation Between Chl-a and Hcomentioning

confidence: 98%

Aqueous chemistry of anthropogenically contaminated Bengaluru lakes

Rao

Mogili²,

Priscilla

et al. 2020

Sustain Environ Res

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Anthropogenic activities impact the major ion composition of fresh water sources. The inorganic species are likely to be influenced by mineral dissolution, mineral precipitation, redox and ion-exchange reactions in the contaminated lakes. Owing to paucity of research, this study examines the influence of bio-geochemical reactions on the major ion composition of sewage contaminated Bengaluru lakes. The selected lakes represent water bodies in the major valley systems of the city that are polluted by partly treated sewage and stormwater runoffs. Hydrogeochemical facies of the lake samples showed that enrichment of Mg 2+ , Na + , Cl − and SO 4 2− ions from anthropogenic contamination altered the chemical type of the lake-water. Examination of processes influencing the major ion composition of surface waters indicated that evaporation than rock-weathering tends to influence the chemical composition of the Bengaluru lakes. Precipitation of carbonate minerals in the alkaline pH contributed to the deficiency of alkaline earth ions, while dissolution of anthropogenic gypsum enhanced the SO 4 2− ion concentration of the lakes. Solute diffusion from lake water into the pore solutions of sediments and ion-exchange reactions between monovalent ions of sediments and divalent cations in lake water are additional pathways that influence the major ion composition of the contaminated lakes. Besides alterations in major ion composition, organic contamination, biochemical reactions associated with photosynthesis activity of algae and release of toxic Al 3+ ions from mineral dissolution are consequences of the lake contamination.

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“…For instance, some studies have indicated that bicarbonate anion can increase aqueous fluoride levels. In addition, aluminosilicate in the presence of bicarbonates in sandstone aquifers leads to fluorite dissolution, subsequently increasing fluoride concentration [33,34]. On the other hand, according to a study by Chandio et al, [35] pH is an important factor in dissolving fluoride ion, and the pH range of 5 to 6.5 will cause the least amount of fluoride in water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Northwest of Iran as an endemic area in terms of fluoride contamination: a case study on the correlation of fluoride concentration with physicochemical characteristics of groundwater sources in Showt

Yousefi¹,

Moghaddam²,

Nasab³

et al. 2019

DWT

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a b s t r a c tFluoride in drinking water is an important chemical species with regard to public health considerations, although a fluoride concentration of about 1.5 mg L -1 in drinking water can decrease tooth decay and higher concentrations cause health problems. The concentration of fluoride in water is affected by some chemical characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between fluoride and other chemical parameters (pH, Turbidity, EC, TDS, TH, ALK, Cl -, SO 4 2-, NO 3-, NO 2-, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , PO 4 3-) in water bodies located in Showt, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Sample preparation and analysis were performed according to standard methods. A wide range of fluoride concentrations was measured in this study (0.0-5.5 mg L -1 ). The results indicated that alkalinity and Na + have a significant positive relationship with fluoride concentrations in water wells. Nevertheless, total hardness (TH) showed an inverse relationship with fluoride concentration. In addition, for a one-unit increase in alkalinity and Na + concentration, the average amount of fluoride in water increased by 0.0028 and 0.16, respectively. Furthermore, for a one-unit increase in total hardness, the average amount of fluoride in water decreased by 0.005. In conclusion, fluoride concentration was affected by numerous factors such as hardness, alkalinity, and Na + concentration. The findings of this study suggest that a suitable treatment of the groundwater is needed in contaminated areas before its use for drinking.

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Evidence for the occurrence of hydrogeochemical processes in the groundwater of Khoy plain, northwestern Iran, using ionic ratios and geochemical modeling

Cited by 32 publications

References 41 publications

The hydrogeochemical signatures, quality indices and health risk assessment of water resources in Umunya district, southeast Nigeria

The hydrogeochemical signatures, quality indices and health risk assessment of water resources in Umunya district, southeast Nigeria

Aqueous chemistry of anthropogenically contaminated Bengaluru lakes

Northwest of Iran as an endemic area in terms of fluoride contamination: a case study on the correlation of fluoride concentration with physicochemical characteristics of groundwater sources in Showt

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