Evidence for structural changes in dermatan sulfate and hyaluronic acid with aging

Longas, Marı́a O.; Russell, C.S.; He, Xue‐Ying

doi:10.1016/s0008-6215(00)90010-7

Cited by 122 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Animal experiments underlined an enhancement effect on the generation of hyaluronic acid, which is a major component of the dermis, as is collagen ( 32 ). This possible effect is supported by the data that retinoic acid, possessing an enhancement effect on hyaluronic acid generation, has a similar improvement effect ( 33,34 ) and that the hyaluronic acid content of the skin in women, especially women in their 40s or more, markedly decreases with aging ( 35 ). Isoflavone aglycones probably enhance the hyaluronic acid generation ( 14 ) via an estrogen-like effect ( 1 , 2 , 14 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Oral Intake of Soy Isoflavone Aglycone Improves the Aged Skin of Adult Women

Izumi

Saito

Obata

et al. 2007

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to clinically evaluate the effect of soy isoflavone aglycone on the aged skin of middle-aged women. Twenty-six women volunteers in their late 30s and early 40s were randomly assigned to receive either a test food (13 women, the test food group) or a placebo food (13 women, the control group). These groups were given the test food (40 mg of soy isoflavone aglycone per day) and placebo, respectively, for 12 wk. The extent of linear and fine wrinkles at the lateral angle of the eyes was selected as the major evaluation criterion to assess the effects of foods, and the wrinkles' area ratio was used as the evaluation parameter. The extent of skin microrelief at the lateral angle of eyes and that of malar skin elasticity were used as secondary evaluation criteria, and the skin microrelief 's area ratio and recovery of skin elasticity were used as the respective evaluation parameters. These parameters were assessed 4, 8, and 12 wk after the start of the test food or placebo intake. The test food group showed a statistically significant improvement of fine wrinkles at week 12 ( p Ͻ 0.05) and of malar skin elasticity at week 8 ( p Ͻ 0.05), compared with the control group. Although there was no significant difference between the test food group and the control group regarding effects on skin microrelief at lateral angle of the eyes, a significant intragroup improvement was observed at week 8 in the test food group ( p Ͻ 0.05). As for the test food safety, none of the subjects presented adverse symptoms during the study period or discontinued the intake of the test food. These data indicate that the oral intake of 40 mg soy isoflavone aglycones per day improves the aged skin of middle-aged women. Key Words isoflavone, aglycone, skin, wrinkle, elasticity Soy isoflavone has been reported to have an estrogenlike effect ( 1 , 2 ). Such an effect suggests that soy isoflavones may contribute to prevent disorders such as osteoporosis ( 3 ), atherosclerosis ( 4 ), and menopausal syndrome ( 5 ) that are associated with a reduced secretion of estrogens in postmenopausal women. Numerous epidemiological studies on the mortality of hormonedependent cancers such as breast cancer ( 6 ) and prostate cancer ( 7 ) have found a negative correlation between intake of soybean, especially soy isoflavones, and the incidence of these cancers.Furthermore, soy isoflavones are considered to have beneficial effects on the skin via mechanisms such as prevention of lipid oxidation of the skin tissue ( 8 ), stimulation of fibroblast proliferation ( 9 ), reduction of collagen degradation ( 10 ), and inhibition of 5 ␣ -reductase ( 11 ), and have been widely used as ingredients of cosmetics ( 12 ). Moreover, cosmetics containing isoflavones are reported to retard skin aging ( 13 ). Soy isoflavones are chemically comprised of aglycone and glycosides, and all the beneficial effects on the human skin mentioned above have been confirmed to derive from aglycone ( 12 , 14 , 15 ). An isoflavone intake...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Oral Intake of Soy Isoflavone Aglycone Improves the Aged Skin of Adult Women

Izumi

Saito

Obata

et al. 2007

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…In contrast, the effects of chronological aging on HA are much less well understood. It has been reported that the content of HA significantly declines with increasing age in the dermis of sunprotected human skin (Longas et al 1987) and that several conditions that accelerate skin aging, such as estrogen deficiency, are associated with the loss of HA from the dermis (Kanda and Watanabe 2005). However, little is known about the cellular mechanism(s) responsible for the decrease of HA in the dermis during chronological aging because of the difficulty of culturing NHDFs from donors of different ages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Available evidence indicates that naturally aged, sun-protected skin and photoaged skin share important molecular features, including connective tissue damage, elevated matrix metalloproteinase levels and reduced collagen production (Varani et al 2001(Varani et al , 2002. It has been reported that the content of HA significantly declines with increasing age in the dermis of sun-protected human skin (Longas et al 1987), which seems to be associated with the decreased elasticity and the increased incidence of wrinkle formation in aged skin. Since those studies were carried out on the dermis of sun-protected skin, the age-dependent decrease in HA content could not be accounted for by the effects of UV, in which the dermal content of HA is markedly down-regulated by long-term exposure of the skin to UVB (Margelin et al 1996;Takahashi et al 1995Takahashi et al , 1996Dai et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The decreased secretion of hyaluronan by older human fibroblasts under physiological conditions is mainly associated with the down-regulated expression of hyaluronan synthases but not with the expression levels of hyaluronidases

et al. 2014

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Although it has been reported that levels of hyaluronan are decreased in the dermis of aged skin, little is known about the cellular mechanism(s) underlying that hyaluronan deficiency. Since hyaluronan is produced by dermal fibroblasts and is secreted into the surrounding dermal tissues, we examined the secretion of hyaluronan by dermal fibroblasts and characterized its cellular mechanism using real-time RT-PCR and western blotting for its synthesizing and degrading enzymes, hyaluronan synthase and hyaluronidase, respectively. The secretion of hyaluronan by dermal fibroblasts derived from differently aged human donors, was higher in the younger human fibroblasts tested (0 and 19 years old) compared to the older human fibroblasts tested (39, 56 and 77 years old). The relative secretion levels of hyaluronan by the different human fibroblasts tested were attributable to the relative expression of hyaluronan synthases 1, 2, 3 but not hyaluronidases 1, 2 enzymes at the gene and protein levels among those fibroblasts. These findings indicate that the deficiency of hyaluronan in the aged dermis might result from the down-regulation in the potential of older human fibroblasts to secrete hyaluronan and that decrease in secretory potential is mainly associated with the down-regulated expression of hyaluronan synthases, especially hyaluronan synthase 2, but not with the expression levels of hyaluronidases.

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“…Glycosaminoglycan standards were purified from calf ligamentum nuchae, following procedures described previously [17,18]. Water was filtered, passed through organic removal and mixed-bed ion-exchange cartridges (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA), and distilled.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%