Evidence for secular trends in children’s physical activity behaviour

Dollman, James; Norton, Kevin; Norton, Lynda

doi:10.1136/bjsm.2004.016675

Cited by 353 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…One 5-year longitudinal study of physical activity and sedentary behaviour during adolescence reported substantial reductions in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), particularly among girls, and increasing leisure-time computer use in girls and boys (36) . A 2005 review of evidence on sedentariness, fitness and attitudes concluded that physical activity in clearly defined contexts, active transport, school physical education and organised sports was declining in many countries (37) . In a study involving two 10-year-separated cross-sectional cohorts of Czech adolescents in 2000 and 2010 the doubling in obesity was accompanied by an increase in total sedentary behaviour, especially in girls, and a switch from TV watching to computer games (38) .…”

Section: Drivers Of Obesity: the Current Gluttony V Sloth Debatementioning

confidence: 99%

Energy balance and obesity: a UK perspective on the gluttonyv.sloth debate

Millward

2013

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Obesity in the UK was assumed to have developed against a population decline in physical activity, with health messages focused on diet and exercise prevention strategies. Doubly-labelled water (DLW) studies of energy expenditure have indicated the alternative scenario that the increased obesity prevalence reflects excessive food energy intake with physical activity levels unchanged. This analysis is questionable, deriving in part from a weakness of the DLW methodology in identifying changing physical activity levels within populations of increasing body weight. This has resulted in an underestimation of the reduction in physical activity in the overweight and obese, as revealed by direct studies of such behaviour. Furthermore, a close examination of food energy supply, household food purchases and individual food energy consumption since 1955, in relation to likely estimates of current intakes indicated by simple modelling of predicted energy expenditure, identifies: (a) food energy supply as markedly overestimating energy intakes; (b) individual food energy consumption as markedly underestimating energy intakes; and (c) household food purchase data as the closest match to predicted current food energy intakes. Energy intakes indicated by this latter method have fallen by between 20 to 30 %, suggesting comparable falls in physical activity. Although unequivocal evidence for a matching UK trend in falling physical activity is limited, as is evidence that obesity follows reductions in physical activity, such a link has been recently suggested in a large prospective study in adolescents. Thus, for the UK, obesity has developed within a 'move less-eat somewhat less but still too much' scenario. A focus on both diet and exercise should remain the appropriate public health policy.

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Section: Drivers Of Obesity: the Current Gluttony V Sloth Debatementioning

confidence: 99%

Energy balance and obesity: a UK perspective on the gluttonyv.sloth debate

Millward

2013

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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“…The literature on this issue however in not entirely consistent: Several authors reported an increase of indoor activities such as watching television and playing computer 80 games and decreasing outdoor activities like walking or biking to school or organized sports (Dollman et al 2005;Ham et al 2008;Hofferth 2009). In contrast, other studies observed an increase in children's organized activities while sedentary activities like watching television have decreased (Sturm 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The German Environmental Survey for Children (GerES IV): Reference values and distributions for time-location patterns of German children

Conrad

Seiwert

Hünken

et al. 2013

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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Adolescents (KiGGS).Parents reported on the time their children usually spend at home, in other indoor environments, and outdoors. This information was characterized by statistical parameters, which were also calculated for different 40 strata concerning socio-demography and the residential environment. Consequently, group differences were evaluated by t-tests and univariate ANOVA. Reference distributions were fitted to the time-location data by a Maximum Likelihood approach to make them also useable in probabilistic exposure modeling. Finally, associations between data on the children's physical activity as well as body weight and their outdoor time were investigated by bivariate correlation analysis and cross tabulation. 55GerES IV provides a compilation of current time-location reference values and distributions on German children. This data hint to substantial differences in time-location patterns within the population to be considered in environmental health risk assessment.

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“…Clearly, our present systems are failing and have been doing so for some time 6 . Successive generations of Australian school children have lost their free play and other opportunities to be active have been eroded from daily life 41 . Replacing this lost opportunity will not be easy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of the energy deficit required to reverse the trend in childhood obesity in Australian schoolchildren

Cochrane

Davey

Castella³

2016

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Objectives: To estimate: 1) daily energy deficit required to reduce the weight of overweight children to within normal range; 2) time required to reach normal weight for a proposed achievable (small) target energy deficit of 0.42 MJ/day; 3) impact that such an effect may have on prevalence of childhood overweight. Methods: Body mass index and fitness were measured in 31,424 Australian school children aged between 4.5 and 15 years. The daily energy deficit required to reduce weight to within normal range for the 7,747 (24.7%) overweight children was estimated. Further, for a proposed achievable target energy deficit of 0.42 MJ/day, the time required to reach normal weight was estimated. Results: About 18% of children were overweight and 6.6% obese; 69% were either sedentary or light active. If an energy deficit of 0.42 MJ/day could be achieved, 60% of overweight children would reach normal weight and the current prevalence of overweight of 24.7% (24.2%–25.1%) would be reduced to 9.2% (8.9%–9.6%) within about 15 months. Conclusions: The prevalence of overweight in Australian school children could be reduced significantly within one year if even a small daily energy deficit could be achieved by children currently classified as overweight or obese.

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Evidence for secular trends in children’s physical activity behaviour

Cited by 353 publications

References 43 publications

Energy balance and obesity: a UK perspective on the gluttonyv.sloth debate

Energy balance and obesity: a UK perspective on the gluttonyv.sloth debate

The German Environmental Survey for Children (GerES IV): Reference values and distributions for time-location patterns of German children

Estimates of the energy deficit required to reverse the trend in childhood obesity in Australian schoolchildren

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