Evidence for plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistance in Paenibacillus larvae, the causal agent of American Foulbrood (AFB) disease in honeybees

Determination of tylosins A, B, C and D in bee larvae by liquid chromatography coupled to ion trap-tandem mass spectrometry

“…Indeed, the accumulation of this antibiotic in honey has been determined in several studies [5][6][7]. However, tetracycline resistant strains have been identified in the USA, Canada and Argentina [8][9][10][11][12][13], and so other antibiotics, such as tylosin and lincomycin have also been proposed to control AFB [14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Reported prevalence and quantitative LC-MS methods for the analysis of veterinary drug residues in honey: a review

“…Mobile tetracycline resistance genes have been reported in the gut flora of farm animals and honey bees (Reeves 2012;Tian et al 2012). The genes encoding tetracycline resistance are transferrable to pathogenic bacteria (Alippi et al 2007; Baraganska et al 2011;Tian et al 2012;Levy & Marshall 2013). Food-borne pathogens in low water-activity foods, such as honey, are increasingly associated with outbreaks of infectious disease (Beuchat et al 2013).…”

Pesticide Residues in Bee Products

“…As a result, various strains of P. larvae have developed resistance to antibiotics, such as oxytetracycline (OTC). Such strains have been isolated in Argentina (Alippi, 2007) as well as in many areas of the U.S.A. (Miyagi et al, 2000). Generally, the presence of antibiotics in the environment especially in foods may lead to the rapid emerge of resistant bacterial strains and consequently to the demand of new substances to replace the old.…”