Evidence for a Relatively Random Array of Human Chromosomes on the Mitotic Ring

Allison, David C.; Nestor, Andrea L.

doi:10.1083/jcb.145.1.1

Cited by 49 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…We have speculated [32] that the ring-shape may be related to the frequently described "rosette" arrangement of chromosomes at the metaphase plate. [54,55] During mitosis in the bone marrow of normal mice, the telocentric heterochromatin should situate near the central "hub" of the mitotic "rosettes" and be pulled towards the polar centrioles. We suggest that post-mitotic nuclear reformation kinetics may be influenced by this central distribution of centromeric heterochromatin, which might associate with LBR to facilitate membrane growth in the vicinity of the centrosomes creating an annulus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulocytic nuclear differentiation of lamin B receptor–deficient mouse EPRO cells

Zwerger

Herrmann

Gaines

et al. 2008

Experimental Hematology

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Objective-Lamin B receptor (LBR) is an integral protein of the inner nuclear membrane. Recent studies have demonstrated that genetic deficiency of LBR during granulopoiesis results in hypolobulation of the mature neutrophil nucleus, as observed in human Pelger-Huët anomaly (PHA) and mouse ichthyosis (ic). In this study we have utilized differentiated promyelocytes (EPRO cells) that were derived from the bone marrow of homozygous and heterozygous ichthyosis mice to examine changes to the expression of nuclear envelope proteins and heterochromatin structure that result from deficient LBR expression.Materials and Methods-Wildtype (+/+), heterozygous (+/ic) and homozygous (ic/ic) granulocytic forms of EPRO cells were analyzed for the expression of multiple lamins and inner nuclear envelope proteins by immunostaining and immunoblotting techniques. The heterochromatin architecture was also examined by immunostaining for histone lysine methylation.Results-Wildtype (+/+) and heterozygous (+/ic) granulocytic forms revealed ring-shaped nuclei and contained LBR within the nuclear envelope; ic/ic granulocytes exhibited smaller ovoid nuclei devoid of LBR. The pericentric heterochromatin of undifferentiated and granulocytic ic/ic cells was condensed into larger spots and shifted away from the nuclear envelope, compared to +/+ and +/ic cell forms. Lamin A/C, which is normally not present in mature granulocytes, was significantly elevated in LBR-deficient EPRO cells.Conclusions-Our observations suggest roles for LBR during granulopoiesis which may involve augmenting nuclear membrane growth, facilitating compartmentalization of heterochromatin and promoting down-regulation of lamin A/C expression. Category Granulopoiesis

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulocytic nuclear differentiation of lamin B receptor–deficient mouse EPRO cells

Zwerger

Herrmann

Gaines

et al. 2008

Experimental Hematology

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“…A precise antiparallel positioning of chromosome sets was claimed for the mitotic rosette and interphase nuclei, thus advocating a separation of haploid genomes (Nagele et al 1995(Nagele et al , 1998(Nagele et al , 1999. While an antiparallel order could not be confirmed by other groups (Allison and Nestor 1999;Cornforth et al 2002;Bolzer et al 2005;Mayer et al 2005), whether or not parental genomes are separated in another pattern remained unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Parental genomes mix in mule and human cell nuclei

et al. 2009

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Whether chromosome sets inherited from father and mother occupy separate spaces in the cell nucleus is a question first asked over 110 years ago. Recently, the nuclear organization of the genome has come increasingly into focus as an important level of epigenetic regulation. In this context, it is indispensable to know whether or not parental genomes are spatially separated. Genome separation had been demonstrated for plant hybrids and for the early mammalian embryo. Conclusive studies for somatic mammalian cell nuclei are lacking because homologous chromosomes from the two parents cannot be distinguished within a species. We circumvented this problem by investigating the three-dimensional distribution of chromosomes in mule lymphocytes and fibroblasts. Genomic DNA of horse and donkey was used as probes in fluorescence in situ hybridization under conditions where only tandem repetitive sequences were detected. We thus could determine the distribution of maternal and paternal chromosome sets in structurally preserved interphase nuclei for the first time. In addition, we investigated the distribution of several pairs of chromosomes in human bilobed granulocytes. Qualitative and quantitative image evaluation did not reveal any evidence for the separation of parental genomes. On the contrary, we observed mixing of maternal and paternal chromosome sets.

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“…An ordered, relative position of chromosomes remains controversial. Some studies observed fixed chromosome positioning in the prometaphase-metaphase ring (Leitch et al, 1994;Nagele et al, 1995), whereas another study did not establish such order (Allison and Nestor, 1999). In any case, it would be interesting to compare the relative positioning of chromosomes in sperm, prometaphase plate and pronuclei to explore the possibility of the ordered positioning inheritance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome architecture in the decondensing human sperm nucleus

Mudrak

Tomilin

Zalensky

2005

Journal of Cell Science

103

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Whereas recent studies demonstrated a well-defined nuclear architecture in human sperm nuclei, little is known about the mode of DNA compaction above the elementary structural unit of nucleoprotamine toroids. Here, using fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) with arm-specific DNA probes of chromosomes 1, 2 and 5, we visualized arm domains and established hierarchical levels of sperm chromatin structures. The compact chromosome territories, which in sperm have a preferred intranuclear localization, have an extended conformation represented by a 2000 nm chromatin fiber. This fiber is composed of a 1000 nm chromatin thread bent at 180° near centromere. Two threads of 1000 nm, representing p-arm and q-arm chromatin, run in antiparallel fashion and join at the telomeres. Each 1000 nm thread, in turn, resolves into two rows of chromatin globules 500 nm in diameter interconnected with thinner chromatin strands. We propose a unified comprehensive model of chromosomal and nuclear architecture in human sperm that, as we suggest, is important for successful fertilization and early development.

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Evidence for a Relatively Random Array of Human Chromosomes on the Mitotic Ring

Cited by 49 publications

References 38 publications

Granulocytic nuclear differentiation of lamin B receptor–deficient mouse EPRO cells

Granulocytic nuclear differentiation of lamin B receptor–deficient mouse EPRO cells

Parental genomes mix in mule and human cell nuclei

Chromosome architecture in the decondensing human sperm nucleus

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