EVIDENCE FOR A MALE-PRODUCED AGGREGATION PHEROMONE IN THE WESTERN CONIFER SEED BUG, <i>LEPTOGLOSSUS OCCIDENTALIS</i> HEIDEMANN (HEMIPTERA: COREIDAE)

Blatt, Suzanne; Borden, John H.

doi:10.4039/ent128777-4

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…In North America, WCSB produces a single generation each season, but it can produce up to three generations in Mexico (Krugman and Koerber 1969;Hedlin et al 1981;Gall 1992;Wheeler 1992;Blatt 1994). As shown in our field observations, WCSB does not require a summer diapause during the life cycle and thus the total number of generations theoretically produced per year is mainly influenced by climate conditions, to be more specific, by a sum of CDD above LDT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biology and temperature requirements of the invasive seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Europe

Barta

2015

J Pest Sci

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Leptoglossus occidentalis, a species native to North America, has been expanding through European conifer forests. The fast spread across the European continent demonstrates its great invasive potential and poses a threat to conifer seed orchards. To better understand its potential distribution and population growth in infested regions, the temperature-dependent development in laboratory as well as life history, phenology, and winter survival were investigated in southern Slovakia during 2009-2011. The lower temperature thresholds to complete embryonic and postembryonic development estimated with the linear model were 13.38 and 14.37°C, respectively. The number of degree-days required for completion of development from egg to adult estimated by the linear model was 533°C. Overwintered adults or late nymphal instars became active in mid-March, oviposition was not observed before mid-April, and nymphs passing through five stages reached adulthood after mid-July. Individual females laid on average 31 eggs (max 78). The second generation started in August but did not complete its development till winter, although part of the 5th instar nymphs did survive until spring. Using temperature data of 41 localities across Europe and cumulative degree-days for complete life cycle, a prediction of the potential number of generations per year was made. In conditions of southern Slovakia L. occidentalis was univoltine, but up to four generations per year were estimated depending on the locality in Europe.Keywords Western conifer seed bug Á Life history Á Phenology Á Degree-days Á Mlyňany Arboretum Key message• Leptoglossus occidentalis is a pestiferous invasive insect feeding on conifer seeds which currently spreads over Europe, where detailed information on its biology is limited. • The thermal requirements for the development and life history of L. occidentalis were examined in Slovakia, and the number of potential generations was estimated across Europe. • The outcomes of this study provide important data for evaluating management options of this species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biology and temperature requirements of the invasive seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Europe

Barta

2015

J Pest Sci

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“…Pine nuts production is decreased by the activities of WCSB in Italy, resulting in lower income [96] for forest owners. Furthermore, it is notorious for causing a nuisance and damage to plumbing materials when adult aggregates invade residential buildings for overwintering [84,86,97]. This is why they are also known as urban bugs.…”

Section: Pathogens and Pests Of Pine Nutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pine Nuts: A Review of Recent Sanitary Conditions and Market Development

Awan

Pettenella

2017

Forests

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Pine nuts are non-wood forest products (NWFP) with a constantly growing market notwithstanding a series of phytosanitary issues and related trade problems. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on the relationship between phytosanitary problems and trade development. Production and trade of pine nuts in Mediterranean Europe have been negatively affected by the spreading of Diplodia sapinea (a fungus) associated with an adventive insect Leptoglossus occidentalis (fungal vector), with impacts on forest management, production and profitability and thus in value chain organization. Reduced availability of domestic production in markets with a growing demand has stimulated the import of pine nuts. China has become a leading exporter of pine nuts, but its export is affected by a symptom caused by the nuts of some pine species: 'pine nut syndrome' (PNS). Most of the studies mentioned in the literature review concern PNS occurrence associated with the nuts of Pinus armandii. We highlight the need for a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of the pine nuts value chain organization, where research on food properties and clinical toxicology may be connected to breeding and forest management, forest pathology and entomology, and trade development.

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“…New adults feed on ripening seeds until early autumn and then they hibernate. The bugs sometimes cause serious alarm when large numbers of adults suddenly invade houses looking for overwintering sites (Gall 1992;Wheeler 1992;Blatt 1994). …”

Section: Beránek J (2007): First Records Of Leptoglossus Occidentalismentioning

confidence: 99%

First records of Leptoglossus occidentalisdemann, 1910 (Heteroptera: Pentatomorpha: Coreidae) in the Czech Republic

Beránek¹

2007

Plant Prot. Sci.

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Beránek J. (2007): First records of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Heteroptera: Pentatomorpha: Coreidae) in the Czech Republic. Plant Protect. Sci., 43: 165-168.In the autumn of 2006 and summer 2007 the coreid species Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 was detected in the Czech Republic for the first time as a new alien insect species. It is native to North America, where it causes important seed losses on coniferous trees, especially pines. From Europe it is known since the end of the last century, when it was introduced to Italy. Its repeated finding could indicate a vital population of this species in the Czech Republic, not only introduced individuals.Keywords: Hemiptera; western conifer seed bug; seed losses; coniferous trees 166 Vol. 43, No. 4: 165-168 Plant Protect. Sci. 2000). The bug attacks about 40 species of conifers, especially Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), various species of pines e.g. white pine (Pinus strobus L.), red pine (Pinus resinosa Aiton), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Law. et C. Law.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold), mountain pine (Pinus mugo Turra), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.), but also cedars (Cedrus spp.), firs (Abies spp.), spruces (Picea spp.) and pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). The adult of L. occidentalis is flattened, warm reddish-brown coloured with a distinctive zigzag stripe across the fore wings (Figure 1). The dorsal side of the abdomen is yellow or light orange with five transverse black patches, which are revealed during flight. The length of its body is 9-18 mm, with females being larger than males. The important identification mark is leaf-like expansions of the hind tibiae. Hind femora are often also swollen and bear heavy spines. The nymphs are orange and brown and become reddish brown to brown as they develop (Bernardinelli & Zandigiacomo 2001b).In North America this species is monovoltine, but in Mexico it is polyvoltine. In the spring the adults move to coniferous trees, where they feed on the developing seeds and early flowers of different species of conifers. The females lay rows of eggs on the needles of the host trees. The nymphs hatch after about 10 days. Young nymphs begin to feed on tender cone scales and sometimes needles. Nymphs pass through five stages and reach adulthood by late summer. New adults feed on ripening seeds until early autumn and then they hibernate. The bugs sometimes cause serious alarm when large numbers of adults suddenly invade houses looking for overwintering sites (Gall 1992;Wheeler 1992;Blatt 1994). 167Plant Protect. Sci. Vol. 43, After finding the second individual, the author attempted to verify the occurrence of other individuals of this bug by knocking on branches of several pine species in the Botanical Garden and Arboretum. However, no individuals were found. During next observations in Botanical Garden and Arboretum which had taken place in the end of September 2007 were caught other 12 individuals, let u...

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EVIDENCE FOR A MALE-PRODUCED AGGREGATION PHEROMONE IN THE WESTERN CONIFER SEED BUG, LEPTOGLOSSUS OCCIDENTALIS HEIDEMANN (HEMIPTERA: COREIDAE)

Cited by 35 publications

References 10 publications

Biology and temperature requirements of the invasive seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Europe

Biology and temperature requirements of the invasive seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Europe

Pine Nuts: A Review of Recent Sanitary Conditions and Market Development

First records of Leptoglossus occidentalisdemann, 1910 (Heteroptera: Pentatomorpha: Coreidae) in the Czech Republic

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