Evidence-based strategies to combat scientific misinformation

Farrell, Justin; McConnell, Kathryn; Brulle, Robert J.

doi:10.1038/s41558-018-0368-6

Cited by 134 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Users must be able to easily determine that data and data products have been developed with transparency and scientific rigor Data have become the underlying fabric for much of modern society, particularly as internet and technological advances support automated data collection, increased ease of data and information aggregation, interpretation, sharing, and reuse. This deluge of data is also accompanied by the potential for mis-use and misinformation, however, and both technicaland human-oriented strategies are needed to address these challenges (Murambadoro and Mambo 2017b;Farrell et al 2019;Tavares et al 2019). For information to be valuable and useful, it is key that users of information can trust both the Earth science information itself and the people providing it.…”

Section: Trust Is Essentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten rules to increase the societal value of earth observations

Virapongse

Pearlman²,

Pearlman³

et al. 2020

Earth Sci Inform

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Earth Observation (EO) data play an important role in our society today, but there is still tremendous opportunity to improve how these data are used to affect change. In this paper, we provide guidance to help data providers and intermediaries within the EO value chain (from data to applications) increase the societal value of the EO data, information, and data products that they work with. We first describe the EO value chain as a conceptual framework for how data are translated and applied for societal benefit. We then introduce three approaches that are often used to assess and improve the EO value chain. Finally, we present "10 rules" that can be implemented to increase the societal benefits of Earth science information. The 10 rules emphasize meeting user needs, problem-solving within interdisciplinary teams, and long-term sustainable solutions. Some rules focus on a specific segment of the value chain or phase in the problem-solving process, while others are relevant to the value chain or process as a whole. Each rule includes at least one case study example to illustrate the key points. The rules are loosely organized according to project management principles with the initial rules focusing on defining problems, planning for data use, creating effective teams, and examining a diverse selection of solutions. The next set of rules are best applied throughout a project, and include such concepts as evaluation, interoperability, trust, adoption, and documentation. Finally, the last rule addresses the challenge of determining when to close a project.

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Section: Trust Is Essentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten rules to increase the societal value of earth observations

Virapongse

Pearlman²,

Pearlman³

et al. 2020

Earth Sci Inform

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“…One of the key questions that need to be addressed before implementation of such as system is, how are the decisions regarding the content of the labels made? [3,22,52].…”

Section: Organisational-level Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If someone tries to post or share that content, Facebook pops up a warning screen to make the user aware that additional reports on this article exist. Additionally, if the article is shared in the past and before it is reviewed by the fact-checkers, Facebook notifies those who previously shared the story on Facebook 22 .…”

Section: Organisational-level Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, in the second step, one or more of the presented examples are directly refuted in a process called "refutational pre-emption" or "prebunking" [13,50]. To improve the effectiveness of this approach, the public should also be vaccinated against the sources of misinformation, by drawing more explicit attention to exactly who is behind those information [22]. Although public inoculation studies have been focused in particular domains such as health, political campaigning, and climate change, the hypothesis is umbrella protection against the misinformation regardless of the context [44].…”

Section: Academiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Misinformation Battle Revisited: Counter Strategies from Clinics to Artificial Intelligence

Fard

Lingeswaran

2020

Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2020

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The spread of misinformation is one of the severe challenges that societies have been dealing with for many years. However, the rapid growth of social media has accelerated the creation and circulation of such information and turned it into a potential threat to the main societal institutions such as peace and democracy. Although many of iconic figures, policymakers, business leaders and researchers have warned us of serious repercussions of misinformation, a clear course of action is not yet visible. To tackle such an issue, the preliminary step would be the evaluation of the as-is situation, which allows us to identify the deficiencies of existing solutions. This issue has been addressed in this study by a comprehensive analysis over decades of societal efforts against misinformation. In this analysis, quelling strategies from organisational and government perspectives are explained. Then they are investigated from efficacy level and governance mode. Our analyses show that, despite a seemingly suitable setting for confronting misinformation, there is a major shortcoming in governance mode of current quelling strategies.

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“…They should draw on a growing body of research, some in related fields such as climate change,16 on confronting disinformation. It is important not to overcomplicate messages or repeat erroneous ones, even to correct them14; “inoculating” the public with the facts before disinformation takes hold may be effective 17…”

Section: Fighting Backmentioning

confidence: 99%