Evidence-Based Medicine: Disproportionate Pain and Disability

The Role of Emotional Health in Functional Outcomes After Orthopaedic Surgery: Extending the Biopsychosocial Model to Orthopaedics

“…Depression also predicts satisfaction and perceived disability in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome 27 . To address the emotional health needs in these patients, Ring et al recommend collaboration between clinician and psychologist to improve patient outcomes 28 . Beyond surgical outcome, psychosocial e165(2)…”

The Efficacy of 95-Hz Topical Vibration in Pain Reduction for Trigger Finger Injection: A Placebo-Controlled, Prospective, Randomized Trial

“…Pain experienced during trigger finger corticosteroid injections are influenced by expectations, the presence of absence of depression, and sex, all of which can account for variability in reported pain scores (16). Psychological and sociological factors also play a role (17,18). This inherent limitation was addressed a priori by assuming a 25 point standard deviation to calculate the sample size needed to achieve 80% power.…”

Predictors of Pain During and the Day After Corticosteroid Injection for Idiopathic Trigger Finger

“…Extensive evidence documents that the variation in pain for a given nociception is mediated primarily by psychological and sociological factors. 8,9 Given that patients who expect more pain with injection also report greater catastrophic thinking, depression, and health anxiety, it may help to address specific distorted cognitions associated with the injection. It might also help to teach patients relaxation strategies such as breathing retraining or progressive muscle relaxation.…”

“…8,9 We investigated whether pain intensity during and after corticosteroid injection correlated with measurable psychological factors. This study tested the null hypotheses that pain caused by a corticosteroid injection and pain the day after injection do not correlate with expected pain, depression, catastrophic thinking, or heightened illness concern.…”