“…and it has even been suggested that B. aureofulva may be pollinated by hummingbirds which may explain the paucity of labellar hairs. Koehler and Amaral (2004), in their review of Bifrenaria, concur with Castro and Campacci (2000) in (Koehler and Amaral, 2004) in the dimensions, shape and proportions of all its floral parts, there were nonetheless, significant differences. For example, the callus was glabrous, the petal apices were not as rounded and the labellar hairs were much shorter and more papilla-like than those of B. harrisoniae.…”
The labella of Bifrenaria spp. and Mormolyca spp. are densely pubescent but those of Xylobium, Teuscheria and Rudolfiella are generally papillose. However, whereas the trichomes of Bifrenaria and Mormolyca are unicellular, those found in the other three genera are multicellular. Hitherto, no unicellular trichomes have been described for Maxillaria, although the labella of a number of species secrete a viscid substance or bear moniliform, pseudopollen-producing hairs. Moniliform hairs and secretory material also occur in certain species of Xylobium and Teuscheria and these genera, together with Maxillaria, are thought to be pollinated by stingless bees (Meliponini). Differences in the labellar micromorphology of Bifrenaria and Mormolyca are perhaps related to Euglossine- and/ or bumble bee-mediated pollination and pseudocopulation, respectively. Although Xylobium and Teuscheria share a number of labellar features with Maxillaria sensu stricto, this does not necessarily reflect taxonomic relationships but may be indicative of convergence in response to similar pollinator pressures.
“…and it has even been suggested that B. aureofulva may be pollinated by hummingbirds which may explain the paucity of labellar hairs. Koehler and Amaral (2004), in their review of Bifrenaria, concur with Castro and Campacci (2000) in (Koehler and Amaral, 2004) in the dimensions, shape and proportions of all its floral parts, there were nonetheless, significant differences. For example, the callus was glabrous, the petal apices were not as rounded and the labellar hairs were much shorter and more papilla-like than those of B. harrisoniae.…”
The labella of Bifrenaria spp. and Mormolyca spp. are densely pubescent but those of Xylobium, Teuscheria and Rudolfiella are generally papillose. However, whereas the trichomes of Bifrenaria and Mormolyca are unicellular, those found in the other three genera are multicellular. Hitherto, no unicellular trichomes have been described for Maxillaria, although the labella of a number of species secrete a viscid substance or bear moniliform, pseudopollen-producing hairs. Moniliform hairs and secretory material also occur in certain species of Xylobium and Teuscheria and these genera, together with Maxillaria, are thought to be pollinated by stingless bees (Meliponini). Differences in the labellar micromorphology of Bifrenaria and Mormolyca are perhaps related to Euglossine- and/ or bumble bee-mediated pollination and pseudocopulation, respectively. Although Xylobium and Teuscheria share a number of labellar features with Maxillaria sensu stricto, this does not necessarily reflect taxonomic relationships but may be indicative of convergence in response to similar pollinator pressures.
“…However, we suspect that the degree III lesions, with papillomatosis, are more innocent than the degree I and II lesions. Hence, the suspicion that verrucous lesions with acanthosis had higher chances of developing malignant transformation (Castro 8 , 2000) was not verified with these biomarkers.…”
Leukoplakias are oral lesions that may have many clinical and histological aspects and they are usually associated with malignancy when dysplastic alterations are shown. However, these transformations may occur in non-dysplastic lesions that show harmless clinical aspect. For this reason, the proposal was to study the p53 and PCNA immunohistochemical expression in non-dysplastic leukoplakias, trying to correlate the results only with the epithelial keratinization degree. For this, 24 leukoplakias degrees I, II and III of Grinspan were used, all of them located in oral mucosa. Most of the leukoplakias showed p53 and PCNA expression in their different keratinization degrees. The p53 marking was confined to the basal and parabasal layers, while the PCNA marking occurred in practically all epithelial layers. The expression pattern of these markers was histologically and statistically similar between the lesions with these keratinization variations. It was evident that non-dysplastic epithelium of leukoplakias showed submicroscopical signs of alterations that lead to malignant transformation, and that the keratinization degree did not correlate to a greater risk of this event.
“…Perceba que temos uma sequência "formada" por 4 sequências, cada uma representada de uma cor diferente. 5,7,9,11,6,8,10,12,7,9,11,13,8,10,12,14,9,11,13,15,10,12,14,16,11…”
Mathematics booksThis Sebenta is dedicated to students who will face some new concepts in Mathematics for the first time, with clarity and lightness of exposition, whenever themathematical rigor is not affected. Contributing to the formation of the scientific conception of the world, understanding the relationships between mathematical models, conceptsand results of Mathematics science and the existing material, objective reality, emphasizing that every engineer must consider technical and scientific representationsin math. The understanding that the history of the development of Mathematicsit is essentially subordinated to the needs of the material life of society. A balance was intended between an exhaustive succession of definitions and theorems inwhich each Chapter begins with an introduction, objectives and methodology openinga line of thought for further studies. An analysis of Mathematics teaching for engineers and other branches of knowledge, from the early yearsfrom the revolution to the present day, allows identifying the main trends that are ofunification of Mathematics programs for the Engineering and Exact Sciences coursein all specialties in the country, and consolidated with the teaching process plansand learning
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