Evidence and Model for Strain-Driven Release of Metal Nanocatalysts from Perovskites during Exsolution

Abstract

Calculation of expected pit volumes and exsolved metal particle sizesThe maximum radius, R (nm), of a particle forming sub-surface composed of Ni exsolved from a rectangular parallelepiped perovskite of area A e (nm 2 ) and depth d e (nm), under the constraint that d e /2 < 3 R (required for the particle to escape the bulk; see modeling section) can be calculated using the following equation:

Nickel‐Iron Alloy Nanoparticle‐Decorated K2NiF4‐Type Oxide as an Efficient and Sulfur‐Tolerant Anode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

“…In recent years, the in situ fabrication method (ex‐solution or growth) was used to prepare uniformly distributed nanoparticle‐decorated perovskite‐based anodes, which have received more and more attention . In this method, the reducible elements, which are doped into the perovskite, are partially reduced and converted to nanoparticles under a reducing atmosphere.…”

Exsolution of Nickel Nanoparticles from Mixed‐Valence Metal Oxides: A Quantitative Evaluation by Magnetic Measurements

“…Exsolution is a multistep process that results in the nucleation and growth of nanoparticles on the surface of the hosting material. Both nucleation and growth steps are associated with the diffusion of the Ni atoms from within the bulk crystal lattice and, thus, are highly dependent on temperature. The increase in the reducing temperature from 750 to 850 °C led to a significant enhancement in the diffusion of Ni 2+ ions in the solid solution, thus enabling efficient exsolution.…”

Nickel Exsolution‐Driven Phase Transformation from an n=2 to an n=1 Ruddlesden‐Popper Manganite for Methane Steam Reforming Reaction in SOFC Conditions

“…The results are presented in Table , showing that p‐value was lower than 0.05 for both cases, which means that t r and T have a statistically significant influence on the average Ni particle size in perfect agreement with Gao et al ., Lai et al . and Oh et al …”