Eviction and Pediatric Health Outcomes in Chicago

Hazekamp, Corey; Yousuf, Sana; Day, Kelli; Daly, Mary Kate; Sheehan, Karen

doi:10.1007/s10900-020-00806-y

Cited by 22 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Census blocks and census tracts are population-based measures that have been shown to be reliable for investigating socioeconomic disparities at the community level . A recent analysis in Chicago used census tract level data and found that census tracts with higher rates of eviction rates and eviction filing rates had higher rates of infant mortality and percentages of very low birth weight (Hazekamp et al, 2020). argue that examining economic deprivation across regions and time is best served by using population socioeconomic measures because these analyses will provide results that are easily interpreted.…”

Section: What This Paper Adds?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possible confounders for adverse health outcomes in this study include: race, gender, poverty level and education (Hazekamp et al, 2020). The percentage of non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic Households (HH) of all ages were included as confounders for each census tract to account for minority races.…”

Section: Confoundersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The percentage of non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic HH was calculated out of total Chicago HH per census tract. The percentage of Minority HH was calculated as follows (Hazekamp et al, 2020 Gershenson, 2017). Additionally, single mothers have been shown to be at an increased risk for eviction (Desmond & Shollenberger, 2015) and when evicted, mothers often met criteria for depression (Desmond & Kimbro, 2015).…”

Section: Confoundersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The natural next step would be to ask if unstable housing has actually been shown to affect health, not just unhealthy behaviours which increase the risk for adverse health outcomes (Gale, 2018). In Chicago, it was shown that census tracts with higher rates of eviction and eviction filings had higher rates of infant mortality and percentages of very low birth weight (Hazekamp et al, 2020). It has also been shown that mothers who experience unstable housing during pregnancy have an increased risk of experiencing preterm birth or having an infant with very low birth weight (Leifheit et al, 2020).…”

Section: Ta B L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

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Unhealthy behaviours in urban Illinois communities affected by eviction: A descriptive analysis

Hazekamp

Yousuf

Khare

et al. 2021

Health Soc Care Community

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Eviction of renter-occupied homes is an emerging public health crisis adversely impacting populations already at risk. Although housing quality and home-owner foreclosures have been linked to health outcomes, the relationship between eviction of renter-occupied homes and health has not been well established. The demographics and socioeconomic status of renters differs from homeowners, as such any relationship with health outcomes should be distinguished between the two. The aim of this study is to provide a descriptive analysis of the relationship between renter-specific eviction and unhealthy behaviours at the census tract level. Using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 500 Cities Project, the Eviction Lab and the U.S. Census Bureau, this study assesses the relationship between eviction rates and health indicators for 1,267 urban census tracts in Illinois in 2016. Binge drinking, current smoking, no leisure-time physical activity, obesity and sleeping <7 hr were used as indicators of unhealthy behaviour as categorised by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention500 Cities Project.

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Section: What This Paper Adds?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Confoundersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Confoundersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ta B L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

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Unhealthy behaviours in urban Illinois communities affected by eviction: A descriptive analysis

Hazekamp

Yousuf

Khare

et al. 2021

Health Soc Care Community

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“…Subsequently, a number of studies have found housing insecurity and homelessness during pregnancy to be associated with pregnancy complications [15,16], preterm birth, and low birth weight [17][18][19]. Recent studies show that pregnant women living in neighborhoods rendered unstable by evictions and tax foreclosures may be more likely to deliver very low birth weight or preterm infants, particularly if the women have low educational attainment [20,21]. Preterm and low birth weight infants are more likely to require costly intensive care following delivery and may face challenges with physical, cognitive, and social/emotional development later in life [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Housing Insecurity during Pregnancy: Association with Adverse Birth and Infant Outcomes

Leifheit

Schwartz

Pollack

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Introduction: Housing insecurity is increasingly commonplace among disadvantaged women and children. We measured the individual- and population-level impact of severe housing insecurity during pregnancy on adverse birth and infant outcomes. Methods: We analyzed data from 3428 mother–infant dyads enrolled in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a prospective cohort study representing births in 20 large U.S. cities from 1998 to 2000. Severe housing insecurity was defined as threatened eviction or homelessness during pregnancy. Outcomes included low birth weight and/or preterm birth, admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) or stepdown facility, extended hospitalization after delivery, and infant health and temperament. We estimated exposure–outcome associations with risk ratios adjusted for pre-pregnancy maternal sociodemographic and heath factors and calculated a population attributable fraction (PAF) of outcomes attributable to severe housing insecurity. Results: We found statistically significant associations between severe housing insecurity during pregnancy and low birth weight and/or preterm birth (risk ratio (RR] 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28, 2.32), NICU or stepdown stay (RR 1.64, CI 1.17, 2.31), and extended hospitalization (RR 1.66, CI 1.28, 2.16). Associations between housing insecurity and infant fair or poor health (RR 2.62, CI 0.91, 7.48) and poor temperament (RR 1.52, CI 0.98, 2.34) were not statistically significant. PAF estimates ranged from 0.9–2.7%, suggesting that up to three percent of adverse birth and infant outcomes could be avoided by eliminating severe housing insecurity among low-income, pregnant women in US cities. Conclusions: Results suggest that housing insecurity during pregnancy shapes neonatal and infant health in disadvantaged urban families.

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Cross-sectional Comparison of Disparities by Race Using White vs Hispanic as Reference Among Children and Youths With Developmental Disabilities Referred for Speech Therapy

et al. 2022

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ImportanceHealth care research on racial disparities among children and youths has historically used the White race as a reference category with which other racial and ethnic groups are compared, which may inadvertently set up Whiteness as a standard for health.ObjectiveTo compare 2 interpretations of an analysis of racial disparities in speech therapy receipt among children and youths with developmental disabilities: a traditional, White-referenced analysis and a Hispanic majority-referenced analysis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used multiple logistic regression to analyze speech therapy referrals for children, adolescents, and transition age youths in an integrated health care system in Southern California from 2017 to 2020. Eligible participants were children and youths up to age 26 years with 1 or more diagnosed intellectual or developmental disability (eg, autism spectrum disorder, speech or language delay, developmental delay, Down syndrome, and others).ExposuresChild or youth race and ethnicity as reported by parents or caregivers (Asian, Black and African American, Hispanic and Latinx, American Indian or Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, White, multiple, and other).Main Outcomes and MeasuresReceipt of speech therapy within 1 year of referral.ResultsA total 66 402 referrals were included; 65 833 referrals (99.1%) were for children under age 17 years, 47 323 (71.3%) were for boys, and 39 959 (60.2%) were commercially insured. A majority of participants were identified as Hispanic (36 705 [55.3%]); 6167 (9.3%) were identified as Asian, 4810 (7.2%) as Black, and 14 951 (22.5%) as White. In the traditional racial disparities model where the reference category was White, referrals of children and youths who identified as Hispanic, Black, Pacific Islander, and other had lower odds of actual receipt of speech therapy compared with referrals for White children and youths (Hispanic: OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.75-0.83; Black: OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.66-0.78; Pacific Islander: OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57-0.98). When using the majority race group (Hispanic) as the reference category, referrals for children and youths who identified as White (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.20-1.30), Asian (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.12-1.30), and multiracial (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.08-1.71) had higher odds of resulting in actual service receipt in comparison with referrals for Hispanic children and youths.Conclusions and RelevanceThe cross-sectional study demonstrates the value of decentering Whiteness in interpreting racial disparities research and considering racial differences against multiple referents. Racial disparities researchers should consider investigating multiple between-group differences instead of exclusively using White as the default reference category.

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Eviction and Pediatric Health Outcomes in Chicago

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Unhealthy behaviours in urban Illinois communities affected by eviction: A descriptive analysis

Unhealthy behaviours in urban Illinois communities affected by eviction: A descriptive analysis

Severe Housing Insecurity during Pregnancy: Association with Adverse Birth and Infant Outcomes

Cross-sectional Comparison of Disparities by Race Using White vs Hispanic as Reference Among Children and Youths With Developmental Disabilities Referred for Speech Therapy

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