Everyday Memory Deficits in Children and Adolescents with PTSD: Performance on the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test

Doost, Hamid Taher Neshat; Taghavi, Mohammad Reza; Yule, William; Dalgleish, Tim

doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00453

Cited by 132 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In line with this, Vietnam veterans with PTSD have shown deficits in short-term memory as assessed with the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) in comparison to veterans without PTSD (Uddo et al, 1993). Deficits in short-term and delayed declarative memory have also been found in adult survivors of childhood abuse (Bremner et al, 1995a), in rape victims with PTSD (Jenkins et al, 1998), and in child and adolescent patients with PTSD (Moradi et al, 1999). Veterans also manifested a significant decrement in retention of previously presented material following exposure to an intervening word list (Yehuda et al, 1995).…”

Section: General Memory Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 84%

Are the neural substrates of memory the final common pathway in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Elzinga

Bremner

2002

Journal of Affective Disorders

418

277

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A model for the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a disorder of memory is presented drawing both on psychological and neurobiological data. Evidence on intrusive memories and deficits in declarative memory function in PTSD-patients is reviewed in relation to three brain areas that are involved in memory functioning and the stress response: the hippocampus, amygdala, and the prefrontal cortex. Neurobiological studies have shown that the noradrenergic stress-system is involved in enhanced encoding of emotional memories, sensitization, and fear conditioning, by way of its effects on the amygdala. Chronic stress also affects the hippocampus, a brain area involved in declarative memories, suggesting that hippocampal dysfunction may partly account for the deficits in declarative memory in PTSD-patients. Deficits in the medial prefrontal cortex, a structure that normally inhibits the amygdala, may further enhance the effects of the amygdala, thereby increasing the frequency and intensity of the traumatic memories. Thus, by way of its influence on these brain structures, exposure to severe stress may simultaneously result in strong emotional reactions and in difficulties to recall the emotional event. This model is also relevant for understanding the distinction between declarative and non-declarative memoryfunctions in processing trauma-related information in PTSD. Implications of our model are reviewed.

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Section: General Memory Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 84%

Are the neural substrates of memory the final common pathway in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Elzinga

Bremner

2002

Journal of Affective Disorders

418

277

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“…An examination of the positive studies demonstrating significant differences in attention, learning, and memory show a range of effect sizes for PTSD status on neurocognitive functioning from 0.7 to 2.0 (Bremner et al, 1993;Bremner, Randall, Scott, Capelli, et al, 1995;Gil, Calev, Greenberg, Kugelmass, & Lerer, 1990;Gilbertson, Gurvits, Lasko, Orr, & Pitman, 2001;Jenkins, Langlais, Delis, & Cohen, 1998;Moradi, Doost, Taghavi, Yule, & Dalgleish, 1999;Roca & Freeman, 2001;Sachinvala et al, 2000;Uddo, Vasterling, Brailey, & Sutker, 1993;Vasterling et al, 2002;Vasterling, Brailey, Constans, & Sutker, 1998;Yehuda et al, 1995). Our study was not sufficiently powered to detect small effect sizes for cognitive performance; however, we did have adequate power to find effects similar in magnitude to most of those reported in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention, learning, and memory in posttraumatic stress disorder

Neylan

Lenoci

Rothlind

et al. 2004

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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This study compared attention and declarative memory in a sample of combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD, n = 24) previously reported to have reduced concentrations of the hippocampal neuronal marker N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), but similar hippocampal volume compared to veteran normal comparison participants (n = 23). Healthy, well-educated males with combatrelated PTSD without current depression or recent alcohol/drug abuse did not perform differently on tests of attention, learning, and memory compared to normal comparison participants. Further, hippocampal volume, NAA, or NAA/Creatine ratios did not significantly correlate with any of the cognitive measures when adjustments for multiple comparisons were made. In this study, reduced hippocampal NAA did not appear to be associated with impaired declarative memory. Keywordsposttraumatic stress disorder; memory; hippocampus; alcoholism; N-acetyl aspartate Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often describe difficulties with concentration, attention, and memory. Poorer performance on tests of attention, declarative memory, and other cognitive domains attributable to PTSD status have been found in many but not all studies (e.g. Crowell, Kieffer, Siders, & Vanderploeg, 2002). Decreased performance on neurocognitive tasks may be of particular relevance to PTSD because multiple studies have documented decreases in hippocampal volume (Bremner et al., 1997;Bremner, Randall, Scott, Bronen, et al., 1995;Gilbertson et al., 2002;Gurvits et al., 1996;Stein, Koverola, Hanna, Torchia, & McClarty, 1997;Villarreal et al., 2002) and decreased reduced concentrations of the neuronal marker N-acetyl aspartate (NAA; Freeman, Cardwell, Karson, & Komoroski, 1998;Schuff et al., 2001). Hippocampal atrophy in PTSD was associated with decreased function in explicit memory in a sample of combat veterans (Bremner, Randall, Scott, Bronen, et al., 1995), though not in women with history of childhood sexual assault (Stein et al., 1997).

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“…Optimal development and efficacy of executive cognitive functions (ECFs) and their ability to modulate perception of emotional stimuli may be compromised by the effects of stress (Arnsten & Shansky, 2004;Moradi et al, 1999;Perry & Pollard, 1998). ECF and emotional perception are subserved by circuitry between the brain's prefrontal cortex (PFC) and limbic system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediators of the Stress–Substance–Use Relationship in Urban Male Adolescents

et al. 2006

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Exposure to chronic or severe acute stressors throughout the lifespan has been linked with numerous negative behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and physical consequences. Adolescence is considered to be a particularly vulnerable period given that the brain is experiencing dramatic developmental change during this time. The present study examined a sample of adolescents (N = 125) considered to be at high risk for stress exposures and drug use by virtue of their environment and low income levels to identify possible neurocognitive (i.e., impulsivity, delay of gratification, emotional perception, and risky decision-making) and social competency mechanisms that may mediate this relationship. Using Mplus, a mediational model was tested using full information maximum likelihood estimates. Risky decision-making and poor social competency skills were related to previous stressful experiences; however, only social competencies mediated the effect of stressors on reports of past year marijuana, alcohol, and polydrug use. As such, stress appears to exert its negative impact through alterations in abilities to generate and execute prosocial decisions and behaviors. Interventions that directly address the effects of stress on social competencies may be especially important for children who have experienced adversity including those exposed to parental divorce, parental psychopathology, neglect or abuse, parental death, and poverty.

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Everyday Memory Deficits in Children and Adolescents with PTSD: Performance on the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test

Cited by 132 publications

References 11 publications

Are the neural substrates of memory the final common pathway in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Are the neural substrates of memory the final common pathway in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Attention, learning, and memory in posttraumatic stress disorder

Mediators of the Stress–Substance–Use Relationship in Urban Male Adolescents

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