Event-related potentials evoked by sensory stimulation in normal, mentally retarded and autistic children

Martineau, J.; Laffont, F; Bruneau, N.; Roux, Sylvie; G, Lelord

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(80)90300-4

Cited by 32 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This study performed on autistic children compared with normal and mentally retarded controls, both matched child by child on sex and CA, allows us to improve our previous results (Martineau et al, 1980) and to differentiate autistic and mentally retarded children on the basis of the conditioning phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The "excitation focus" over the visual stimulus cortical area may be considered as characterizing conditioning phenomenon (Lelord & Maho, 1969). No modification of the auditory responses were found for the children with autism (Lelord et al, 1973;Martineau et al, 1981), but such a paradigm seemed insufficient to distinguish the autistic from the mentally retarded children (Martineau, Laffont, Bruneau, Roux, & Lelord, 1980). This lack of differentiation between autistic and mentally retarded children was likely due to the clinical data that were not thinned and classified according to DSM-III criteria and to the great variability of autistic responses, so that the visual determination of auditory responses waves can be considered with difficulty as an objective criterion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Auditory evoked responses and their modifications during conditioning paradigm in autistic children

Martineau

Garreau

Roux

et al. 1987

J Autism Dev Disord

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Auditory evoked responses (AERs) were recorded from 16 autistic children (ages 2-10 years) and age-matched normal and retarded controls. In order to test the ability to form auditory-visual cross-modal associations, often impaired in autism, the effects on AERs of coupling sound and light were studied with a paradigm that did not require the cooperation of the subject. Several differences between groups were found concerning the frequency and the amplitudes of present AERs. The pattern characterizing the effects on AERs of coupling sound and light (conditioning phenomenon) was observed for both autistic and normal controls, and not for retarded children. Results suggest that autistic children may have a real but slow learning ability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Auditory evoked responses and their modifications during conditioning paradigm in autistic children

Martineau

Garreau

Roux

et al. 1987

J Autism Dev Disord

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“…Magnesium is essential to the body's utilization of vitamin B6 and numerous recent studies have demonstrated that autistic children showed marked improvement when given a large daily supplement of vitamin B6 and magnesium [32]. Because of the beneficial 'calming' effect of magnesium, symptoms resulting from a deficiency in the mineral may include anxiety, depression, hyperactivity [33], agitation, hallucination, irritability, nervousness [24], aggression, chronic stress [34], learning disability, and memory impairment [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Level of Trace Elements (Copper, Zinc, Magnesium and Selenium) and Toxic Elements (Lead and Mercury) in the Hair and Nail of Children with Autism

Priya

Geetha

2010

Biol Trace Elem Res

272

145

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Autism is a multi-factorial pathology observed in children with altered levels of essential and elevated levels of toxic elements. There are also studies reporting a decrease in nutritional trace elements in the hair and nail of autistic children with healthy controls; moreover, bioelements have been shown to play an important role in the central nervous system. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to assess the levels of trace elements like copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and selenium (Se) and toxic elements like mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) in the hair and nail samples of autistic children and to evaluate whether the level of these elements could be correlated with the severity of autism. The subjects of the study were 45 autistic children with different grades of severity (low (LFA), medium (MFA), and high (HFA) functioning autism) according to Childhood Autism Rating Scale, n = 15 children in each group and 50 healthy children (age and sex matched). The boys and girls ratio involved in this study was 4:1, and they were 4-12 years of age. The study observed a valid indication of Cu body burden in the autistic children. The children with different grades of autism showed high significance (p < 0.001) in the level of copper in their hair and nail samples when compared to healthy controls. The level of Cu in the autistic children could be correlated with their degree of severity (more the Cu burden severe is autism). The study showed a significant elevation (p < 0.001) in the levels of toxic metals Pb and Hg in both hair and nail samples of autistic children when compared to healthy control group. The elevation was much pronounced in LFA group subjects when compared among autistic groups MFA and HFA. The levels of trace elements Mg and Se were significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in autistic children when compared to control. The trace element Zn showed significant variation in both hair and nails of LFA group children when compared to control group and other study groups. The significant elevation in the concentration of Cu, Pb, and Hg and significant decrease in the concentration of Mg and Se observed in the hair and nail samples of autistic subjects could be well correlated with their degrees of severity.

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“…

Many investigators have attempted to study evoked potentials (EPs) in autistic children. I n most of their studies, EPs were found to be smaller (Small et al, 1971;Ornitz et al, 1972;Lelord et al, 1973;Martineau et al, 1980) and less frequently elicited (Walter, 1969, Small et al, 1971, Lelord et al, 1973 in autistic than in normal children. Tanguay ( 1976) found no consistent amplitude hemispheric differences for auditory EPs in autistic children.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evoked Potentials and P₃₀₀ during Sensory Conditioning in Autistic Children

Martineau

Garreau

Barthélémy

et al. 1984

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Event-related potentials evoked by sensory stimulation in normal, mentally retarded and autistic children

Cited by 32 publications

References 22 publications

Auditory evoked responses and their modifications during conditioning paradigm in autistic children

Auditory evoked responses and their modifications during conditioning paradigm in autistic children

Level of Trace Elements (Copper, Zinc, Magnesium and Selenium) and Toxic Elements (Lead and Mercury) in the Hair and Nail of Children with Autism

Evoked Potentials and P₃₀₀ during Sensory Conditioning in Autistic Children

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Event-related potentials evoked by sensory stimulation in normal, mentally retarded and autistic children

Cited by 32 publications

References 22 publications

Auditory evoked responses and their modifications during conditioning paradigm in autistic children

Auditory evoked responses and their modifications during conditioning paradigm in autistic children

Level of Trace Elements (Copper, Zinc, Magnesium and Selenium) and Toxic Elements (Lead and Mercury) in the Hair and Nail of Children with Autism

Evoked Potentials and P300 during Sensory Conditioning in Autistic Children

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Evoked Potentials and P₃₀₀ during Sensory Conditioning in Autistic Children