Event-related potentials and recognition memory for words

Rugg, Michael D.; Nagy, Margaret E.

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(89)90045-x

Cited by 215 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Unlike Misra and Holcomb [21] and a number of other previous unmasked ERP repetition priming studies (e.g., [24,[27][28][29][30]), there was no clear evidence of an effect on the post-N400 late positivity. This is somewhat surprising in the case of the 80 and 120 ms primes given that they were clearly visible in almost all cases and presumably would have resulted in the formation of an episodic memory trace sufficient in magnitude to produce an ERP memory effect.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

“…Misra and Holcomb also reported that, while masked primes resulted in a modulation of only the N400, when primes were visible (unmasked), there was also a later positivity present in the target ERPs to repeated targets. A number of studies using visible primes have reported a similar pattern of late positivities to repeated words and it is generally believed that they reflect the influence of episodic memory (e.g., explicitly remembering that the target was presented earlier as a prime [28][29][30]). This conclusion is supported by Misra and Holcomb's results since participants were unaware of the primes in the masked condition and therefore should not have had an intact episodic memory trace of these primes.…”

Section: Experiments 1-masked Repetition Primingmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Repeated/related words produce attenuated N400s compared to nonrepeated/unrelated words [2,5,10,11,24,[26][27][28][29][30]34,36]. Such N400 effects are believed by many to be sensitive to the lexical and/or semantic properties of the stimulus and its context [25].…”

Section: Event-related Potentials (Erps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of prime visibility on ERP measures of masked priming

Holcomb

Reder

Misra

et al. 2005

Cognitive Brain Research

115

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In two experiments, the effect of the duration (40, 80 and 120 ms) of pattern masked prime words on subsequent target word processing was measured using event-related potentials. In Experiment 1, target words were either repetitions of the prior masked prime (car-CAR) or were another unrelated word (job-CAR). In Experiment 2, primes and targets were either semantically related (cap-HAT) or were unrelated (car-HAT). Unrelated target words produced larger N400s than did repeated (Exp 1) or semantically related (Exp 2) words across the different prime durations and these N400 priming effects tended to be smaller overall for semantic than repetition priming. Moreover, there was only a modest decline in the size of N400 repetition priming at the shortest prime durations, and there was no relationship between this N400 effect and a measure of prime categorization performance. However, the size of semantic priming at the shortest durations was relatively smaller than at longer durations and was correlated with prime categorization performance. The findings are discussed in the context of the functional significance of the N400 as well as a model that argues for different mechanisms during masked repetition and semantic priming.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

Section: Experiments 1-masked Repetition Primingmentioning

confidence: 89%

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The effects of prime visibility on ERP measures of masked priming

Holcomb

Reder

Misra

et al. 2005

Cognitive Brain Research

115

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“…In contrast, previous MEG studies utilizing numerous repetitions and shorter delays demonstrated that the greatest differences began much earlier (~210ms) and were strongest within left, ventral prefrontal and lateral temporal sites (Dhond et al, 2001;Marinkovic et al, 2003). The data are consistent with EEG studies demonstrating that as repetition delay is increased repetition related differences occur primarily at longer latencies, >500ms Rugg and Nagy, 1989;Karayanidis et al, 1991;Van Petten et al, 1991). When words are repeated many times at relatively short intervals, automatic priming effects are likely to be more significant than in the current study where controlled effortful recognition may be required.…”

Section: Timing Of Responses To Wordsupporting

confidence: 73%

Spatiotemporal brain maps of delayed word repetition and recognition

et al. 2005

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Whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to spatiotemporally map the brain response underlying episodic retrieval of words studied a single time following a long delay (~40min.) Recognition following a long delay occurs as a strong, sustained, differential response, within bilateral, ventral and lateral prefrontal cortex, anterior temporal and medial parietal regions from 500ms onward, as well as ventral occipitotemporal regions from ~700ms onward. In comparison with previous tasks using multiple repetitions at short delays, these effects were centered within the same areas (anteroventral temporal and ventral prefrontal), but were shifted to longer latencies (~500ms vs. ~200ms), were less left-lateralized, and appear more in anterolateral prefrontal regions and less in lateral temporal cortex. Furthermore, comparison of correctly classified words with misclassified, novel and repeated words, suggests that these frontotemporal-parietocingulate responses are sensitive to actual as well as perceived repetition. The results also suggest that lateral prefrontal regions may participate more in controlled, effortful retrieval while left ventral frontal and anterior temporal responses may support sustained lexicosemantic processing. Additionally, left ventromedial temporal sites may be relatively more involved in episodic retrieval, while lateral temporal sites may participate more in automatic priming.

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“…Smith and Halgren (1989) have suggested that N400 (Kutas & Hillyard, 1980) may reflect this kind of relatively automatic activation process (Graf & Mandler, 1984). However, others have criticized the Smith and Halgren hypothesis (e.g., Rugg & Nagy, 1989), and the current data do not provide definitive evidence on this issue . As depicted in Figure 1 and as shown in Table 2, there was a significant main effect of stimulus modality for N450 and an interaction of stimulus modality with electrode site for both N450 and P260 due to the fact that, for both deflections, words produced greater amplitudes at the posterior electrodes than did pictures.…”

Section: Picture Versus Word Processingcontrasting

confidence: 72%

ERPs during continuous recognition memory for words and pictures

Berman¹,

Friedman²,

Cramer³

1991

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and performance measures were recorded from young adults during continuous recognition memory for word or picture representations of the same concepts. Subjects made speeded choice responses as to whether the item was "new" or "old," with "old" items repeated after lags of 2,8, or 32 intervening stimuli following their first presentation. Longer lags were associated with poorer performance in words but not in pictures. A sequence of endogenous ERP components was responsive to repetition (old vs. new) and stimulus modality (pictures vs. words), and differed in scalp distribution as a function of both variables. The data suggest that multiple brain generators contribute to ERP repetition effects and support theoretical models that hypothesize processing differences between words and pictures.In conjunction with behavioral measures, the recording of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) has been shown to be a useful tool for mental chronometry, enabling more direct mapping of theoretical concepts derived from cognitive psychology onto nervous system activity. We here report on the behavioral and ERP correlates of continuous recognition memory, focusing on the effects of stimulus modality (word vs. picture presentation of a concept), item repetition (old vs. new), and lag (i.e., the number of intervening items between first and second presentation).It is currently unclear to what extent different brain systems are involved in the processing of words and pictures. The empirical finding that memory for pictures is usually superior to memory for words has been hypothesized to result from a more distinctive sensory code for pictures (Nelson, 1979) or because pictures are more likely than words to be encoded by dual verbal and nonverbal coding systems (Paivio, 1986). To the extent that word and picture memory show similar correlations with experimental variables, support can be claimed for theoretical positions that postulate amodal cognition or minimal differences between the processes used to encode and retrieve word and picture stimuli. Since differences in scalp distribution between conditions are usually cited as evidence in support of differences in the locus of intracranial generation, finding such word-picture differences might be indicative of more separable brain and information-processing systems for words and pictures.Repetition effects may represent operations primarily associated with the first presentation, such as initial schema activation, which need not be as detailed on second presentation, or retrieval-related processes, such as

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Event-related potentials and recognition memory for words

Cited by 215 publications

References 27 publications

The effects of prime visibility on ERP measures of masked priming

The effects of prime visibility on ERP measures of masked priming

Spatiotemporal brain maps of delayed word repetition and recognition

ERPs during continuous recognition memory for words and pictures

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