Event-Related Brain Potentials: Methods, Theory, and Applications

Fabiani, Monica; Gratton, Gabriele; Federmeier, Kara D.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511546396.004

Cited by 223 publications

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“…It is reasonable to assume that these effects of repetition were due to learning and subsequent application of the correct agreement rules because they are manifested in the P600 time window and not in earlier windows where more immediate episodic memory effects would be expected. Such rote memorization effects would more likely manifest themselves as a P300 effect instead, as suggested by studies in which rote memorizers were shown to exhibit larger P300s for words subsequently recalled than participants who employed more elaborative memorization strategies (Fabiani, Gratton, & Federmeier, 2007). There was no indication of early positivities in the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

“…Nevertheless, possible components underlying the grammaticality effect peaking at about 100 ms post-stimulus with a centroparietal distribution for the Different type are the N100 (or N1) and/or the ELAN. However, neither constitutes a very likely match because the former has been observed mainly in response to elemental perceptual feature analysis and the latter, though indicative of syntactic violations, has a typical left and anterior distribution (Fabiani, Gratton, & Federmeier, 2007). Because in the present study grammatical and ungrammatical sentences were counterbalanced across participants and sentences across similarity types were identical except for the determiner preceding the critical word, it is highly unlikely that a basic perceptual feature difference would explain the obtained results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

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The Relationship Between Implicit and Explicit Second-Language Processing: The Role of Cross-Language Similarity

Tolentino¹

2007

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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The present study investigated the relationship between implicit and explicit second-language (L2) processing in beginning L2 learners, and how cross-language similarity influences this relationship. The brain activity of native English speakers was recorded as they performed grammaticality judgments on Spanish sentences. The three types of agreement violations used were similar in the two languages ("Similar" type), different in the two ("Different" type), and unique to L2 ("Unique" type). After a baseline assessment, we improved participants' accuracy and then retested them on new and repeated items. Results showed that the explicit increase in accuracy was accompanied by a significant increase in brain sensitivity, as measured by the P600 ERP component. This effect was most pronounced for the Similar and Different types.Additionally, grammatical sensitivity was greater for repeated items in both measures of processing, and this was also modulated by cross-language similarity as well as the specific type of repetition. The obtained results are in line with an interface position on the relationship between implicit and explicit L2 processing and suggest a strong modulatory role of crosslanguage similarity in both types of processing.Keywords: Implicit/Explicit Processing; Second Language Processing; Cross-Language Similarity; ERPs; P600.iii Most adults who attempt to learn a foreign language can relate to the fact that it usually constitutes a highly effortful and oftentimes quite lengthy process. The ease with which one's first language (L1) was acquired is conspicuously absent and the developing second language (L2) has to now overcome the often detrimental influence of a highly ingrained L1 (e.g., MacWhinney, 2005). This, however, does not imply that a high level of proficiency and automaticity in the processing of an adult-learned L2 cannot be achieved. Some research has been conducted in the field of L2 learning examining the different ways in which beginning adult learners process their L2. Specifically, various studies have investigated the nature of this processing in terms of its implicit and explicit components, drawing a distinction between them.According to some authors (e.g., R. Hulstijn, 2005), explicit and implicit knowledge differ, among other things, in the extent to which one is consciously aware or intuitively aware of regular patterns in the information one possesses, and the extent to which one can or cannot verbalize such patterns, respectively. Furthermore, access to implicit knowledge is thought to occur automatically whereas access to explicit knowledge is thought to involve controlled processes (N. R. Ellis, 2005). The term explicit knowledge is often used interchangeably with the term declarative knowledge. Thus, two important distinctions between implicit and explicit knowledge of an L2 are the level of awareness as well as the amount of effort involved in accessing relevant linguistic rules or patterns.The goal of the present study was to investigate the relationship between implic...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

The Relationship Between Implicit and Explicit Second-Language Processing: The Role of Cross-Language Similarity

Tolentino¹

2007

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…Parallel streams of neuronal activity originate overlapping ERP deflections composed of several components. Therefore, a component can be defined as a voltage contribution to the ERP which reflects a functionally discrete stage of neuronal processing occurring in a restricted cerebral area (Näätänen and Picton 1987), also are hypothesized to be linked and reflected by psychological and cognitive processes (Hillyard and Kutas 1983;Fabiani et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of the N1 and N2 components in auditory oddball paradigms: a systematic review with narrative analysis and suggested normative values

et al. 2014

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Auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) are widely used in diverse fields of today's neuroscience, concerning auditory processing, speech perception, language acquisition, neurodevelopment, attention and cognition in normal aging, gender, developmental, neurologic and psychiatric disorders. However, its transposition to clinical practice has remained minimal. Mainly due to scarce literature on normative data across age, wide spectrum of results, variety of auditory stimuli used and to different neuropsychological meanings of AERPs components between authors. One of the most prominent AERP components studied in last decades was N1, which reflects auditory detection and discrimination. Subsequently, N2 indicates attention allocation and phonological analysis. The simultaneous analysis of N1 and N2 elicited by feasible novelty experimental paradigms, such as auditory oddball, seems an objective method to assess central auditory processing. The aim of this systematic review was to bring forward normative values for auditory oddball N1 and N2 components across age. EBSCO, PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar were systematically searched for studies that elicited N1 and/or N2 by auditory oddball paradigm. A total of 2,764 papers were initially identified in the database, of which 19 resulted from hand search and additional references, between 1988 and 2013, last 25 years. A final total of 68 studies met the eligibility criteria with a total of 2,406 participants from control groups for N1 (age range 6.6-85 years; mean 34.42) and 1,507 for N2 (age range 9-85 years; mean 36.13). Polynomial regression analysis revealed that N1 latency decreases with aging at Fz and Cz, N1 amplitude at Cz decreases from childhood to adolescence and stabilizes after 30-40 years and at Fz the decrement finishes by 60 years and highly increases after this age. Regarding N2, latency did not covary with age but amplitude showed a significant decrement for both Cz and Fz. Results suggested reliable normative values for Cz and Fz electrode locations; however, changes in brain development and components topography over age should be considered in clinical practice.

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“…Event-related potentials (ERP) are a critical way to address several cognitive processes (e.g., attentional processes, memory and language) in normal as well as pathological subjects [21]. P300 is certainly one of the most studied ERP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality modulation of P300 wave recorded within an emotional oddball protocol

Mardaga

Hansenne

2009

Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology

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SummaryObjectives. -Several studies reported that personality modulates responses to emotional stimuli, including cognitive and attentional aspects of the emotional response. The aim of this study was to refine these results while using visual event-related potentials (ERPs) and referring to Cloninger's personality model. Methods. -ERPs were recorded in 46 normal subjects within a visual oddball protocol with checkerboards as the standard stimuli and pictures selected as neutral, pleasant or unpleasant from the International Affective Picture System as the target stimuli. Results. -N200 amplitude was smaller and P300 amplitude was larger following the presentation of pleasant pictures in low-harm avoidance but not high-harm avoidance subjects. Conclusions. -These results support the idea that both automatic and selective cognitive processing of emotional pictures is modulated by personality. © 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. MOTS CLÉSPersonnalité ; Cloninger ; Émotions ; Potentiels évoqués liés à l'événement ; P300 RésuméButs. -De nombreuses études ont rapporté que la personnalité module les réponses émotion-nelles, notamment l'aspect cognitif et attentionnel des réponses émotionnelles. Le but de la présente étude est d'affiner ces résultats en utilisant des potentiels visuels liés à l'événement et en faisant référence au modèle de personnalité décrit par Cloninger. Méthode. -Les potentiels évoqués ont été enregistrés chez 46 sujets sains lors d'un protocole oddball visuel utilisant des damiers comme stimuli standard et des images neutres, plaisantes et déplaisantes tirées de l'International Affective Picture System comme images-cibles. Résultats. -L'amplitude de la N200 était plus faible et l'amplitude de l'onde P300 plus importante après la présentation d'images plaisantes chez les sujets présentant un score bas à l'évitement du danger mais pas chez les sujets caractérisés par un score élevé à cette dimension. * Corresponding author. E-mail address: solange.mardaga@student.ulg.ac.be (S. Mardaga). Conclusions. -Ces résultats supportent l'idée que les traitements automatiques et sélectifs des stimulations émotionnelles sont modulés par la personnalité.

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Event-Related Brain Potentials: Methods, Theory, and Applications

Cited by 223 publications

References 0 publications

The Relationship Between Implicit and Explicit Second-Language Processing: The Role of Cross-Language Similarity

The Relationship Between Implicit and Explicit Second-Language Processing: The Role of Cross-Language Similarity

The development of the N1 and N2 components in auditory oddball paradigms: a systematic review with narrative analysis and suggested normative values

Personality modulation of P300 wave recorded within an emotional oddball protocol

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