Event-related brain potential study of expectancy and semantic matching in schizotypy

Cognition and Brain Function in Schizotypy: A Selective Review

“…105 During comprehension of ironic remarks, healthy individuals with elevated schizotypy scores showed decreased bilateral temporal, but increased left prefrontal activation. 105 A defective left hemisphere language system would also be compatible with the observation of N400 abnormalities 108 and other functional neuroimaging evidence indicating reduced language lateralization. Yet, the consistency of such findings 113 and their psychopharmacological mediation 114 remain debated (see also Mohr and Claridge,16 on the link between language and creativity).…”

“…While nonliteral language comprehension problems seem correlated with schizotypy across the spectrum, 80,102 the association in nonclinical schizotypy is subtle 103 or even controversial, 100,104 but still detectable on the neural level. 105 A number of mechanisms may contribute to these deficits, 106 including semantic association differences, [107][108][109] aberrant semantic priming mechanisms, 106 and inadequate context integration. 110,111 Most likely both cerebral hemispheres contribute to language differences associated with elevated schizotypy, 80,105 with the right hemisphere thought to play an important role in loosening of associations and pragmatic language deficits in schizotypy.…”

N400 Peculiarities During Intentional Inferences Production in Subjects With Schizotypal Traits

“…This suggests that the cognitive cost of predictive and integrative processes was identical in the low schizotypy group, whereas the cost of predictive functioning was lower than the cost of integrative processes in the high schizotypy group. The similar N400 amplitudes for conditions recruiting predictive and integrative processes in the low schizotypal group is in line with previous results observed in schizophrenia (Kostova et al, 2003; Kuperberg et al, 2010) and in schizotypy (De Loye et al, 2013; Kostova et al, 2014). Indeed, when the context is structured or highly predictable, participants with high schizotypy have no difficulty predicting information from the context.…”

“…Indeed, when context processing involved predictive processes, these authors found similar N400 amplitudes between controls and schizophrenia patients (Kostova et al, 2003) and between healthy subjects with low schizotypal traits and healthy subjects with high schizotypal traits (Kostova et al, 2014). In contrast, when target processing involved integrative processes, the N400 amplitude was more negative in schizophrenia patients compared to controls (Kostova et al, 2003) and in the high schizotypy group compared to the low schizotypy group (Kostova et al, 2014). However, these two studies used a word context, which could be considered to be less ecological than sentences in the context of everyday verbal communication.…”

“…Several studies have demonstrated a reduced N400 effect (greater negativity for unrelated as compared to related targets) in schizophrenia (see Kuperberg et al, 2010;Mohammad & DeLisi, 2013;K. Wang et al, 2011 for reviews) and in schizotypy (Del Goleto et al, 2016;Kiang, 2010;Kiang & Kutas, 2005;Kostova et al, 2014;Prévost et al, 2010Prévost et al, , 2011. Using N400, Federmeier and Kutas (1999) identified two different processes or strategies: a process of expectancy generation and a process of integration of meaning.…”