even-skipped has gap-like, pair-rule-like, and segmental functions in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, a basal, intermediate germ insect (Orthoptera)

Mito, Taro; Kobayashi, Chizuko; Sarashina, Isao; Zhang, Hongjie; Shinahara, Wakako; Miyawaki, Katsuyuki; Shinmyo, Yohei; Ohuchi, Hideyo; Noji, Sumihare

doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.11.003

Cited by 63 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The Tribolium mlpt gene does not code for a transcription factor but for a polycistronic mRNA that encodes several peptides. Also the analysis of the eve gene uncovered a gap function for eve in both Oncopeltus and Gryllus (Liu and Kaufman, 2005a;Mito et al, 2007). This data suggest some gap genes might have lost their gap function during the transition to Drosophila long germ segmentation.…”

Section: Divergent Upstream Mechanisms I: Gap Genesmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…RNA interference (RNAi) experiments in Gryllus showed that eve acts as a canonical pair rule gene but only in the anterior segments (Mito et al, 2007). eve in Gryllus and Oncopeltus in addition seems to have a gap function (Liu and Kaufman, 2005a;Mito et al, 2007), which will be discussed below. In insects, pair rule gene orthologs thus seem to act as in a double segmental periodicity and thus as canonical pair rule genes.…”

Section: The Transition From a Non-periodic To A Periodic Pattern: Ormentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In hemimetabolous insects that branch off more basally in the phylogenetic tree of the insects, some pair rule gene orthologs have been analyzed (e.g., the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, the grasshopper Schistocerca americana, the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus). They are expressed in stripes in the growth zone, some of them segmental like eve in Oncopeltus, others double segmental like prd in Schistocerca, and again others partly segmental and partly double segmental like eve in Gryllus (Davis et al, 2001;Liu and Kaufman, 2005a;Mito et al,. 2007).…”

Section: The Transition From a Non-periodic To A Periodic Pattern: Ormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary conservation and divergence of the segmentation process in arthropods

Damen

2007

Developmental Dynamics

152

122

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A fundamental characteristic of the arthropod body plan is its organization in metameric units along the anterior-posterior axis. The segmental organization is laid down during early embryogenesis. Our view on arthropod segmentation is still strongly influenced by the huge amount of data available from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (the Drosophila paradigm). However, the simultaneous formation of the segments in Drosophila is a derived mode of segmentation. Successive terminal addition of segments from a posteriorly localized presegmental zone is the ancestral mode of arthropod segmentation. This review focuses on the evolutionary conservation and divergence of the genetic mechanisms of segmentation within arthropods. The more downstream levels of the segmentation gene network (e.g., segment polarity genes) appear to be more conserved than the more upstream levels (gap genes, Notch/Delta signaling). Surprisingly, the basally branched arthropod groups also show similarities to mechanisms used in vertebrate somitogenesis. Furthermore, it has become clear that the activation of pair rule gene orthologs is a key step in the segmentation of all arthropods. Important findings of conserved and diverged aspects of segmentation from the last few years now allow us to draw an evolutionary scenario on how the mechanisms of segmentation could have evolved and led to the present mechanisms seen in various insect groups including dipterans like Drosophila. Developmental Dynamics 236:1379 -1391, 2007.

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Section: Divergent Upstream Mechanisms I: Gap Genesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: The Transition From a Non-periodic To A Periodic Pattern: Ormentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: The Transition From a Non-periodic To A Periodic Pattern: Ormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary conservation and divergence of the segmentation process in arthropods

Damen

2007

Developmental Dynamics

152

122

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“…Firstly, there is evidence that hunchback (hb) and Distal-less (Dll) perform gap gene-like functions during formation of the prosomal segments of spiders Pechmann et al, 2011). Secondly, the orthologues of Drosophila pair-rule genes are also expressed in the SAZ and segments of short-germ arthropod embryos, which is consistent with roles in segmentation in these animals, although it is likely that these genes were expressed in single rather than double segmental periodicity ancestrally in arthropods (Frasch et al, 1987;Sommer and Tautz, 1993;Patel et al, 1994;Damen et al, 2000Damen et al, , 2005Davis et al, 2001;Dearden et al, 2002;Chipman et al, 2004b;Schoppmeier and Damen, 2005b;Choe et al, 2006;Damen, 2007;Mito et al, 2007;Chipman and Akam, 2008;Janssen et al, 2011;Sarrazin et al, 2012;Brena and Akam, 2013;Green and Akam, 2013). Finally, the expression and function of segment polarity genes are highly similar across arthropods (Damen, 2002;Hughes and Kaufman, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Wnt and Delta-Notch signalling pathways interact to direct pair-rule gene expression via caudal during segment addition in the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum

et al. 2016

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In short-germ arthropods, posterior segments are added sequentially from a segment addition zone (SAZ) during embryogenesis. Studies in spiders such as Parasteatoda tepidariorum have provided insights into the gene regulatory network (GRN) underlying segment addition, and revealed that Wnt8 is required for dynamic Delta (Dl) expression associated with the formation of new segments. However, it remains unclear how these pathways interact during SAZ formation and segment addition. Here, we show that Delta-Notch signalling is required for Wnt8 expression in posterior SAZ cells, but represses the expression of this Wnt gene in anterior SAZ cells. We also found that these two signalling pathways are required for the expression of the spider orthologues of even-skipped (eve) and runt-1 (run-1), at least in part via caudal (cad). Moreover, it appears that dynamic expression of eve in this spider does not require a feedback loop with run-1, as is found in the pair-rule circuit of the beetle Tribolium. Taken together, our results suggest that the development of posterior segments in Parasteatoda is directed by dynamic interactions between Wnt8 and Delta-Notch signalling that are read out by cad, which is necessary but probably not sufficient to regulate the expression of eve and run-1. Our study therefore provides new insights towards better understanding the evolution and developmental regulation of segmentation in other arthropods, including insects.

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“…Posterior segment addition with a single-segmental periodicity likely represents the ancestral mechanism, as suggested by morphological observations and gene expression analysis Damen 2005, Janssen 2011). Evidence for double-segmental patterning mechanisms in the blastoderm, superficially comparable to Drosophila pair-rule patterning, has, however, been found in distantly related arthropods (Dearden et al, 2002, Janssen et al, 2012 Double-segmental patterning has also been found in tissue that is generated from the posterior segment addition zone in the beetle Tribolium castaneum (Choe et al, 2006) in addition to other insects (Davis et al, 2001, Mito et al, 2007, Erezyilmaz et al, 2009) and a distantly related arthropod, the centipede Strigamia maritima (Chipman et al, 2004). These findings support the idea that a double-segmental posterior patterning system may be a conserved component of arthropod (or at least mandibulate) segmentation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression suggests double-segmental and single-segmental patterning mechanisms during posterior segment addition in the beetle Tribolium castaneum

Janßen

2014

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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In the model arthropod Drosophila, all segments are patterned simultaneously in the blastoderm. In most other arthropods, however, posterior segments are added sequentially from a posterior segment addition zone. Posterior addition of single segments likely represents the ancestral mode of arthropod segmentation, although in Drosophila, segments are patterned in pairs by the pair-rule genes. It has been shown that in the new model insect, the beetle Tribolium, a segmentation clock operates that apparently patterns all segments in pairs as well. Here, I report on the expression of the segment polarity gene H15/midline in Tribolium. In the anterior embryo, segmental stripes of H15 appear in pairs, but in the posterior of the embryo stripes appear in a single-segmental periodicity. This implies that either two completely different segmentationmechanisms may act in the germ band of Tribolium, that the segmentation clock changes its periodicity during development, or that the speed in which posterior segments are patterned changes. In any case, the data suggest the presence of another (or modified), yet undiscovered, mechanism of posterior segment addition in one of the best-understood arthropod models. The finding of a hitherto unrecognized segmentation mechanism in Tribolium may have major implications for the understanding of the origin of segmentation mechanisms, including the origin of pair rule patterning. It also calls for (re)-investigation of posterior segment addition in Tribolium and other previously studied arthropod models. KEY WORDS: segmentation, arthropod development, arthropod evolution, segment polarityOur understanding of arthropod segmentation comes primarily from studies on the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. Here, a hierarchic segmentation gene cascade operates to subdivide, in a stepwise fashion, a syncytial blastoderm that later develops without posterior segment addition into the complete adult body. Notably, one step of this segmentation mechanism comprises the temporal establishment of double-segmental units, as shown by the function (and expression) of the pair-rule genes. In most other arthropods, only anterior segments are formed from the blastoderm, and posterior segments are added from a posterior segment addition zone (Davis and Patel 2002). Posterior segment addition with a single-segmental periodicity likely represents the ancestral mechanism, as suggested by morphological observations and gene expression analysis Damen 2005, Janssen 2011). Evidence for double-segmental patterning mechanisms in the blastoderm, superficially comparable to Drosophila pair-rule patterning, has, however, been found in distantly related arthropods (Dearden et al., 2002, Janssen et al., 2012 Double-segmental patterning has also been found in tissue that is generated from the posterior segment addition zone in the beetle Tribolium castaneum (Choe et al., 2006) in addition to other insects (Davis et al., 2001, Mito et al., 2007, Erezyilmaz et al., 2009) and a distantly related arthropod, ...

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even-skipped has gap-like, pair-rule-like, and segmental functions in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, a basal, intermediate germ insect (Orthoptera)

Cited by 63 publications

References 32 publications

Evolutionary conservation and divergence of the segmentation process in arthropods

Evolutionary conservation and divergence of the segmentation process in arthropods

The Wnt and Delta-Notch signalling pathways interact to direct pair-rule gene expression via caudal during segment addition in the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum

Gene expression suggests double-segmental and single-segmental patterning mechanisms during posterior segment addition in the beetle Tribolium castaneum

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