The Wnt and Delta-Notch signalling pathways interact to direct pair-rule gene expression via <i>caudal</i> during segment addition in the spider <i>Parasteatoda tepidariorum</i>

Schönauer, Anna; Paese, Christian Louis Bonatto; Hilbrant, Maarten; Leite, Daniel J.; Schwager, Evelyn E.; Feitosa, Natália Martins; Eibner, Cornelius; Damen, Wim G.M.; McGregor, Alistair P.

doi:10.1242/dev.131656

Cited by 58 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In Drosophila the gap genes regulate pair rule gene expression, and while our results indicate that Sox21b-1 is required for the expression of h and the generation of leg bearing prosomal segments (Fig 4E; Fig. 6), in contrast to insects, in spiders this does not involve the orthologues of eve and runt because they are not expressed in the developing prosomal segments (15, 39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…In P. tepidariorum , formation of the SAZ and production of posterior segments requires the Wnt8 and Delta-Notch signalling pathways (14, 15). Interactions between these pathways regulate hairy ( h ) and, via cad , the expression of pair-rule gene orthologues including eve (14, 15). To better understand the loss of segments we observe in Sox21b-1 knockdown embryos we analysed the expression of Dl, Wnt8, h and cad in these embryos compared to controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the prosoma Sox21b-1 has a gap gene like function and is required for the expression of hairy , while Distal-less (12) and hunchback (11) also act as gap genes during prosomal segmentation (L1-L4). The molecular control of segmentation in the SAZ involves a feedback loop between Dl and Wnt8 , which acts upstream of cad and also controls the dynamic expression of hairy (15). We can infer from our results that Sox21b-1 acts upstream of these genes in the SAZ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the segments of the posterior tagma, the opisthosoma or abdomen, are generated sequentially from a SAZ. This process is regulated by dynamic interactions between Delta-Notch and Wnt8 signalling to regulate caudal ( cad ), which in turn is required for oscillatory expression of pair-rule gene orthologues including even-skipped ( eve ), and runt ( run ) (4, 14, 15). Interestingly, these pair-rule gene orthologues are not involved in the production of the prosomal segments (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process is regulated by dynamic interactions between Delta-Notch and Wnt8 signalling to regulate caudal ( cad ), which in turn is required for oscillatory expression of pair-rule gene orthologues including even-skipped ( eve ), and runt ( run ) (4, 14, 15). Interestingly, these pair-rule gene orthologues are not involved in the production of the prosomal segments (15). Therefore, the genetic regulation of segmentation along the anterior-posterior axis in the spider exhibits similarities and differences to segmentation in both long germ and short germ insects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A SoxB gene acts as an anterior gap gene and regulates posterior segment addition in the spiderParasteatoda tepidariorum

Paese

Schoenauer

Leite

et al. 2018

Preprint

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SummaryThe Sox gene family encode a set of highly conserved HMG domain transcription factors that regulate many key processes during metazoan embryogenesis. In insects, the SoxB gene Dichaete is the only Sox gene known to be involved in embryonic segmentation. To determine if similar mechanisms are used in other arthropods, we investigated the role of Sox genes during segmentation in the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum. While Dichaete does not appear to be involved in spider segmentation, RNAi knockdown of the closely related Sox21b-1 gene results in a gap like phenotype in the developing prosoma and also perturbs the sequential addition of opisthosomal segments. We show that this is in part due to a role for Sox21b-1 in regulating the expression of Wnt8 and influencing Delta-Notch signalling during the formation of the segment addition zone. Thus, we have found that two different mechanisms for segmentation in a non-mandibulate arthropod are regulated by a Group B Sox gene. Our work provides new insights into the function of an important and conserved gene family across arthropods, and the evolution of the regulation of segmentation in these animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A SoxB gene acts as an anterior gap gene and regulates posterior segment addition in the spiderParasteatoda tepidariorum

Paese

Schoenauer

Leite

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Embryonic expression of a Long Toll (Loto) gene in the onychophorans Euperipatoides kanangrensis and Cephalofovea clandestina

Janßen

Lionel

2018

Dev Genes Evol

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Recent research has shown that Toll genes, and in particular a newly defined class of Toll genes, the so-called Long Toll Genes (Loto genes), are crucial factors in embryogenesis. In arthropods, they are involved in axis formation via a process called convergent extension (CE). A hallmark of Loto genes is their relatively (compared to other Toll genes) high number of leucine-rich repeat elements (LRRs) coupled with the fact that they are expressed in transverse stripes in all segments, or a subset of segments, patterns that are reminiscent of classical segmentation genes such as the pair-rule genes. Onychophorans represent a close outgroup to the arthropods; however, their embryonic development differs substantially. It is unclear if convergent extension contributes to onychophoran germ band formation and, if so, whether Loto genes are involved in governing this process. This study identifies a single onychophoran Toll gene from a sequenced embryonic transcriptome in two onychophoran species. The identified gene shows sequence and expression pattern characteristics of Loto genes. However, its expression pattern also comprises some general differences to arthropod Loto genes that are involved in CE.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00427-018-0609-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Experimental duplication of bilaterian body axes in spider embryos: Holm’s organizer and self-regulation of embryonic fields

Oda

Iwasaki-Yokozawa

Usui³

et al. 2019

Dev Genes Evol

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Bilaterally symmetric body plans of vertebrates and arthropods are defined by a single set of two orthogonal axes, the anteriorposterior (or head-tail) and dorsal-ventral axes. In vertebrates, and especially amphibians, complete or partial doubling of the bilaterian body axes can be induced by two different types of embryological manipulations: transplantation of an organizer region or bi-sectioning of an embryo. Such axis doubling relies on the ability of embryonic fields to flexibly respond to the situation and self-regulate toward forming a whole body. This phenomenon has facilitated experimental efforts to investigate the mechanisms of vertebrate body axes formation. However, few studies have addressed the self-regulatory capabilities of embryonic fields associated with body axes formation in non-vertebrate bilaterians. The pioneer spider embryologist Åke Holm reported twinning of spider embryos induced by both types of embryological manipulations in 1952; yet, his experiments have not been replicated by other investigators, and access to spider or non-vertebrate twins has been limited. In this review, we provide a historical background on twinning experiments in spiders, and an overview of current twinning approaches in familiar spider species and related molecular studies. Moreover, we discuss the benefits of the spider model system for a deeper understanding of the ancestral mechanisms of body axes formation in arthropods, as well as in bilaterians.

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The Wnt and Delta-Notch signalling pathways interact to direct pair-rule gene expression via caudal during segment addition in the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum

Cited by 58 publications

References 56 publications

A SoxB gene acts as an anterior gap gene and regulates posterior segment addition in the spiderParasteatoda tepidariorum

A SoxB gene acts as an anterior gap gene and regulates posterior segment addition in the spiderParasteatoda tepidariorum

Embryonic expression of a Long Toll (Loto) gene in the onychophorans Euperipatoides kanangrensis and Cephalofovea clandestina

Experimental duplication of bilaterian body axes in spider embryos: Holm’s organizer and self-regulation of embryonic fields

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