Evapotranspiration from the margin and moist playa of a closed desert valley

Malek, Esmaiel; Bingham, Gail E.; McCurdy, Greg

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(90)90139-o

Cited by 112 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Stone (1956 and references contained therein) describes instances in which water may shift considerable distances, or be driven toward one end of a playa during a windstorm. Malek et al (1990) report that the area ponded with water in the playa in Pilot Valley, Utah, may move several miles in response to changes in wind direction. Sheets of water have been observed to breach minor drainage divides on playa surfaces during periods of high wind (Lines 1979), thus resulting in changes in the areal extent of coverage until the next flooding or drying cycle.…”

Section: Playa Hydrologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…from the surface during the wet season to about 30 cm (11.81 in.) during the dry season, though the soil remains moist all year (Malek et al 1990). When groundwater is at the lower level, a salt crust forms.…”

Section: Playa Hydrologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microrelief of salt pavements ranges from a few centimeters to 30.48 cm (1 ft) (Neal 1965). Salt crusts may be seasonal, being dissolved by winter rains (Malek et al 1990). These are common at Devils Golf Course, Death Valley, California (Neal 1965).…”

Section: Patterns Associated With Evaporitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are typically associated with the salt pavement and soft crust types, e.g., Pilot Valley, Utah (Malek et al 1990). …”

Section: Drift Lines Water Marksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Final Report on Contract N00014-92-C-0173 (Office of Naval Research)

Philpott¹

2001

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Section: Playa Hydrologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Playa Hydrologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Patterns Associated With Evaporitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are typically associated with the salt pavement and soft crust types, e.g., Pilot Valley, Utah (Malek et al 1990). …”

Section: Drift Lines Water Marksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Final Report on Contract N00014-92-C-0173 (Office of Naval Research)

Philpott¹

2001

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“…Ohmura (1982) showed that changes in wind speed and direction, air and dew point temperatures were, in general, very small for Bowen ratio (β) ≅ -1, indicating consistent rates of latent (LE) and sensible (H) heat fl uxes. So that, for those time-periods with β [cal] ≅ -1, Malek et al (1990) calculated LE as the average between the values obtained before and after the considered time period. When analyzing the evolution of the Bowen ratio with the corn crop height, Cellier & Brunet β calculados pela equação de Bowen (1926); β r2 -correção dos valores de β r1 com base na equação proposta por Verma et al (1978); β r3 -correção dos valores de β r1 de acordo com Uhland et al (1996); β r4 -exclusão dos valores de β r1 , que se encontrasse fora do intervalo (-0,7 < β < 0,7), recomendado por Soares (2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bower ratio-energy balance associated errors in vineyards under dripping irrigation

Soares

Azevedo

Silva

2007

Rev. bras. meteorol.

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This study was conducted at the Bebedouro Experimental Station in Petrolina-PE, Brazil, to evaluate the errors associated to the application of the Bowen ratio-energy balance in a 3-years old vineyard (Vitis vinifera, L), grown in a trellis system, irrigated by dripping. The fi eld measurements were taken during fruiting cycle (July to November, 2001), which was divided into eigth phenological stages. A micrometeorological tower was mounted in a grape-plants row in which sensors of net radiation, global solar radiation and wind speed were installed at about 1.0 m above the canopy. Also in the tower, two psicometers were installed at two levels (0.5 and 1.8 m) above the vineyard canopy. Two soil heat fl ux plates were buried at 0.02 m beneath the soil surface. All these sensors were connected to a Data logger 21 X of Campbell Scientifi c Inc., programmed for collecting data once every 5 seconds and storage averages for every 15 minutes. A comparative analysis were made among four Bowen ratio accepting/rejecting rules, according to the methodology proposed by Spano et al. (2000): βr1 -values of β calculated by Bowen (1926) equation; βr2 -values of β as proposed by Verma et al. (1978) equation; βr3 -exclusion of the β values obtained as recommended by Unland et al. (1996) and βr4 -exclusion of the β values calculated as proposed by Bowen (1926), out of the interval (-0.7 < β < 0.7). Constacted that the Unland et al. (1996) and Soares (2003) accepting/rejection rules were better than that of Verma et al. (1978) for attenuating the advective effects on the calculations of the Bowen ratio. The comparison of βr1 with βr2 rules showed that the statistical errors reaching maximum values of 0.015. When comparing βr1 with βr3 e βr4, the β errors reaching maximum values of 5.80 and 3.15, respectively. Keywords: latent and sensible heat fl uxes, evapotranspiration, semi-arid region. RESUMO: ERROS ASSOCIADOS PELA RAZÃO DE BOWEN AO BALANÇO DE ENERGIA EM PARREIRAIS SOB IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO.Este estudo foi conduzido na Estação Experimental de Bebedouro, Petrolina-PE, Brasil, para avaliar os erros associados com a aplicação do balanço de energia com base na razão de Bowen em um parreiral (Vitis vinifera, L) com três anos de idade, conduzido em latada, sob irrigação por gotejamento. As medições foram feitas durante o ciclo produtivo de julho a novembro de 2001, que foi dividido em oito estádios fenológicos. Numa torre micrometeorológica localizada no centro do parreiral, foram instalados a 1,00 m acima do dossel da videira, os seguintes instrumentos: saldo radiômetro, radiômetro global e anemômetro; a 0,5 e 1,80 m acima do dossel dois psicrômetros e a 0,02m de profundidade dois fl uxímetros. Todos esses sensores foram conectados a um datalogger CR 21X programado para coletar dados a cada 5s e armazenar média a cada 15 minutos, durante 24h00 por dia. Foi feita análise comparativa entre quatro metodologias ou regras de aceitação/rejeição da razão de Bowen, utilizando a metodologia proposta por Spano et al. (2000), co...

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