Evaporation of gold thin films on mica: effect of evaporation parameters

Levlin, M.; Laakso, A.; Niemi, Heidi; Hautojärvi, P.

doi:10.1016/s0169-4332(96)00851-3

Cited by 45 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The grain size then remains constant for deposition rates of 0.10-0.18 nm s -1 . These results are in agreement with other studies 14,17,19 . According to Walton's theory, higher deposition rates lead to an increase in the nucleation rate 27 .…”

Section: Fig 3 (Color Online)supporting

confidence: 94%

“…The effect of different parameters such as deposition rate, thickness, pressure, substrate heating and film annealing on the morphology of the deposited gold film on different substrate materials, including silicon, mica and glass, has been investigated previously [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . Studies showed that a deposition rate of less than 1 nm s -1 gives a smoother surface 14 , the chamber pressure (<10 -5 Torr) is insignificant compared to other factors 14,15 , the thickness of evaporated gold film has an effect on the size of the island, and [111] plateaus, with lateral dimensions in the range of 200 to 300 nm, occur for film thicknesses greater than 100 nm 17 . Moreover, studies reveal that the substrate temperature during deposition has a great influence on flatness and size of deposited gold grains 12,14,15,18,19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Room temperature thermally evaporated thin Au film on Si suitable for application of thiol self-assembled monolayers in micro/nano-electro-mechanical-systems sensors

Mahmoodi

Rushdi

Bowen

et al. 2017

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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Gold is a standard surface for attachment of thiol-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). To achieve uniform defect free SAM coatings, which are essential for bio/chemical sensing applications, the gold surface must have low roughness, and be highly orientated. These requirements are normally achieved by either heating during Au deposition or post deposition Au surface annealing. This paper shows that room temperature deposited gold, can afford equivalent gold surfaces, if the gold deposition parameters are carefully controlled. This observation is an important result as heating (or annealing) of the deposited gold can have a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of the silicon on which the gold is deposited used in microsensors. The paper presents the investigation of the morphology and crystalline structure of Au film prepared by thermal evaporation at room temperature on silicon. The effect of gold deposition rate is studied, and it is shown that by increasing the deposition rate from 0.02 nm s -1 to 0.14 nm s -1 the gold surface RMS roughness decreases, whereas the grain size of the deposited gold is seen to follow a step function decreasing suddenly between 0.06 and 0.10 nm s -1 . The XRD intensity of the preferentially [111] orientated gold crystallites is also seen to increase as the deposition rate increases up to a deposition rate of 0.14 nm s -1 . Formation and characterization of 1-dodecanethiol on these Au coated samples is also studied using contact angle. It is shown that by increasing the Au deposition rate the contact angle hysteresis (CAH) decreases until it plateaus, for a deposition rate greater than 0.14 nm s -1 , where the CAH is smaller than 9 degrees which is an indication of homogeneous SAM formation, on a smooth surface. 2

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Section: Fig 3 (Color Online)supporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room temperature thermally evaporated thin Au film on Si suitable for application of thiol self-assembled monolayers in micro/nano-electro-mechanical-systems sensors

Mahmoodi

Rushdi

Bowen

et al. 2017

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films

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“…37 Characterization of the gold substrates was done by several techniques. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the average gold grain sizes are about 1 lm with a surface roughness RMS of about 3.5 nm, as measured by AFM.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chiral crystallization of glutamic acid on self assembled films of cysteine

Dressler

Mastai

2007

Chirality

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In this article, we describe the preparation and use of chiral surfaces derived from enantiomerically pure crystals of amino acids. For this purpose, we chose to employ a self-assembly process to grow nanoscale chiral films of (+)-L or (-)-D cysteine, onto gold surfaces. We utilized those chiral films as resolving auxiliaries in the crystallization of enantiomers from solutions. To demonstrate the chiral discriminating ability of the chiral surfaces in crystallization processes, we investigated the crystallization of rac-glutamic acid onto the chiral films. Our study demonstrates the potential application of chiral films to control chirality throughout crystallization, where one enantiomer crystallizes on the chiral surfaces with relatively high enantiomeric excess. In addition, crystallization of pure glutamic acid enantiomers, and its racemic compound on to chiral films resulted in crystal morphology modification with preferred crystal orientation, which assists in the interpretation of the ability of our chiral surfaces to function as chiral selectors.

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“…HOPG substrates (Structure Probe, Inc.) were freshly cleaved on the (0001) basal plane with adhesive tape before each experiment. Gold films were deposited on mica 51 in a vacuum evaporator with a base pressure of 10 −6 mbar and a peak pressure of 10…”

Section: ■ Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substrate, Molecular Structure, and Solvent Effects in 2D Self-Assembly via Hydrogen and Halogen Bonding

et al. 2014

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Recently, halogen···halogen interactions have been demonstrated to stabilize two-dimensional supramolecular assemblies at the liquid−solid interface. Here we study the effect of changing the halogen, and report on the 2D supramolecular structures obtained by the adsorption of 2,4,6-tris(4-bromophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TBPT) and 2,4,6-tris(4-iodophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TIPT) on both highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and the (111) facet of a gold single crystal. These molecular systems were investigated by combining room-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy in ambient conditions with density functional theory, and are compared to results reported in the literature for the similar molecules 1,3,5-tri(4-bromophenyl)benzene (TBPB) and 1,3,5-tri(4-iodophenyl)benzene (TIPB). We find that the substrate exerts a much stronger effect than the nature of the halogen atoms in the molecular building blocks. Our results indicate that the triazine core, which renders TBPT and TIPT stiff and planar, leads to stronger adsorption energies and hence structures that are different from those found for TBPB and TIPB. On the reconstructed Au(111) surface we find that the TBPT network is sensitive to the fcc-and hcp-stacked regions, indicating a significant substrate effect. This makes TBPT the first molecule reported to form a continuous monolayer at room temperature in which molecular packing is altered on the differently reconstructed regions of the Au(111) surface. Solvent-dependent polymorphs with solvent coadsorption were observed for TBPT on HOPG. This is the first example of a multicomponent self-assembled molecular networks involving the rare cyclic, hydrogen-bonded hexamer of carboxylic groups, R 6 6 (24) synthon.

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Evaporation of gold thin films on mica: effect of evaporation parameters

Cited by 45 publications

References 26 publications

Room temperature thermally evaporated thin Au film on Si suitable for application of thiol self-assembled monolayers in micro/nano-electro-mechanical-systems sensors

Room temperature thermally evaporated thin Au film on Si suitable for application of thiol self-assembled monolayers in micro/nano-electro-mechanical-systems sensors

Chiral crystallization of glutamic acid on self assembled films of cysteine

Substrate, Molecular Structure, and Solvent Effects in 2D Self-Assembly via Hydrogen and Halogen Bonding

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