Room temperature thermally evaporated thin Au film on Si suitable for application of thiol self-assembled monolayers in micro/nano-electro-mechanical-systems sensors
Abstract:Gold is a standard surface for attachment of thiol-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). To achieve uniform defect free SAM coatings, which are essential for bio/chemical sensing applications, the gold surface must have low roughness, and be highly orientated. These requirements are normally achieved by either heating during Au deposition or post deposition Au surface annealing. This paper shows that room temperature deposited gold, can afford equivalent gold surfaces, if the gold deposition parameters are c… Show more
“…Figure 5 shows an increase in the average crystallite size D with deposition rate for copper films with and without graphene. These results are consistent with those obtained in previous works for Au films on Si [62,63]. However, the crystallite sizes show the same dependencies on the deposition rate for both types of copper films, and therefore, the sheet resistance and FOM of copper films deposited on graphene at low rates are primarily defined by the presence of voids in percolated films.…”
Graphene-metal hybrid nanostructures have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in nanophotonics and optoelectronics. The output characteristics of devices based on such nanostructures largely depend on the properties of the metals. Here, we study the optical, electrical and structural properties of continuous thin gold and copper films grown by electron beam evaporation on monolayer graphene transferred onto silicon dioxide substrates. We find that the presence of graphene has a significant effect on optical losses and electrical resistance, both for thin gold and copper films. Furthermore, the growth kinetics of gold and copper films vary greatly; in particular, we found here a significant dependence of the properties of thin copper films on the deposition rate, unlike gold films. Our work provides new data on the optical properties of gold and copper, which should be considered in modeling and designing devices with graphene-metal nanolayers.
“…Figure 5 shows an increase in the average crystallite size D with deposition rate for copper films with and without graphene. These results are consistent with those obtained in previous works for Au films on Si [62,63]. However, the crystallite sizes show the same dependencies on the deposition rate for both types of copper films, and therefore, the sheet resistance and FOM of copper films deposited on graphene at low rates are primarily defined by the presence of voids in percolated films.…”
Graphene-metal hybrid nanostructures have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in nanophotonics and optoelectronics. The output characteristics of devices based on such nanostructures largely depend on the properties of the metals. Here, we study the optical, electrical and structural properties of continuous thin gold and copper films grown by electron beam evaporation on monolayer graphene transferred onto silicon dioxide substrates. We find that the presence of graphene has a significant effect on optical losses and electrical resistance, both for thin gold and copper films. Furthermore, the growth kinetics of gold and copper films vary greatly; in particular, we found here a significant dependence of the properties of thin copper films on the deposition rate, unlike gold films. Our work provides new data on the optical properties of gold and copper, which should be considered in modeling and designing devices with graphene-metal nanolayers.
“…However, high surface roughness can result in increased fouling properties [ 22 , 25 , 26 ]. Planar electrodes such as evaporated gold on glass or silicon substrates benefit from the smoothness of their respective substrates, leading to controllable smooth surfaces [ 27 ]. Although some applications utilise planar gold electrodes, a low-cost alternative solution predominantly includes screen-printed electrodes, which are known to possess very high surface roughness, due to the nature of their production [ 21 , 23 ].…”
Printed circuit boards (PCBs) offer a promising platform for the development of electronics-assisted biomedical diagnostic sensors and microsystems. The long-standing industrial basis offers distinctive advantages for cost-effective, reproducible, and easily integrated sample-in-answer-out diagnostic microsystems. Nonetheless, the commercial techniques used in the fabrication of PCBs produce various contaminants potentially degrading severely their stability and repeatability in electrochemical sensing applications. Herein, we analyse for the first time such critical technological considerations, allowing the exploitation of commercial PCB platforms as reliable electrochemical sensing platforms. The presented electrochemical and physical characterisation data reveal clear evidence of both organic and inorganic sensing electrode surface contaminants, which can be removed using various pre-cleaning techniques. We demonstrate that, following such pre-treatment rules, PCB-based electrodes can be reliably fabricated for sensitive electrochemical biosensors. Herein, we demonstrate the applicability of the methodology both for labelled protein (procalcitonin) and label-free nucleic acid (E. coli-specific DNA) biomarker quantification, with observed limits of detection (LoD) of 2 pM and 110 pM, respectively. The proposed optimisation of surface pre-treatment is critical in the development of robust and sensitive PCB-based electrochemical sensors for both clinical and environmental diagnostics and monitoring applications.
“…Titanium (Ti) was used to increase the adhesion between Au layer and the trench. [58] Ti was deposited at a deposition rate of 0.1 nm s −1 with a thickness of 5.0 nm. Then, Au was evaporated at a rate of 0.1 nm s −1 with a thickness of 35.0 nm.…”
The authors perform directed self-assembly based on graphoepitaxy of symmetric six-arm star-shaped poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-polystyrene copolymer [(PMMA-b-PS) 6 ] thin film. The affinity between each block and the trench wall is adjusted by using polymer brushes or selective gold (Au) deposition. When the surface of the trench is strongly selective for the PMMA block, (n+0.75)L 0 thick (n is the number of the lamellae, L 0 is lamellar domain spacing) lamellae parallel to the trench wall are formed at each side, while nanotubes are formed away from the trench wall. However, for a trench grafted with PS brushes, nanotubes are formed beside (n+0.25)L 0 thick lamellar layers. By adjusting the trench width (W) and the affinity between the block and the wall, various dual nanopatterns consisting of lines and nanotubes are fabricated. Moreover, when the trench wall is selectively deposited by Au, asymmetric dual nanopattern is formed, where different numbers of lines exist on each side wall, while nanotubes are formed in the middle of the trench. The observed morphologies depending on the commensurability condition between W and L 0 are consistent with predictions by self-consistent field theory.
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