Evaporation and decomposition of Triton X-100 under various gases and temperatures

Mitsuda, Kenro; Kimura, Hiroshi; Murahashi, Toshiaki

doi:10.1007/bf01107420

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The polyenic sequence formed previously on the first degradation step is unstable and, as a consequence, the macromolecules formed undergo further reactions leading to scission followed by the formation of new aromatic molecules 23,37,41 . Previously to these typical two thermal degradation steps , an additionally degradation was observed between ≈290 and≈ 400 °C (i)resultant from the degradation of the Triton X-100 42 . Figure 5b shows the mass fraction of the polymer located at the interface as a function of the CFO content, calculated after equation 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of magnetoelectric CoFe₂O₄ /poly(vinylidene fluoride) microspheres

et al. 2015

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Magnetoelectric microspheres based on piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and magnetostrictive CoFe 2 O 4 (CFO), a novel morphology for polymer-based ME materials, have been developed by an electrospray process. The CFO nanoparticle content in the (3-7 mm diameter) microspheres reaches values up to 27 wt%, despite their concentration in the starting solution reaching values up to 70 wt%. Additionally, the inclusion of magnetostrictive nanoparticles into the polymer spheres has no relevant effect on the piezoelectric b-phase content (z60%), crystallinity (40%) and the onset degradation temperature (460-465 C) of the polymer matrix. The multiferroic microspheres show a maximum piezoelectric response |d33| z 30 pC N1, leading to a magnetoelectric response of D|d33| z 5 pC N1 obtained when a 220 mT DC magnetic field was applied. It is also shown that the interface between CFO nanoparticles and PVDF (from 0 to 55%) has a strong influence on the ME response of the microspheres. The simplicity and the scalability of the processing method suggest a large application potential of this novel magnetoelectric geometry in areas such as tissue engineering, sensors and actuators. Magnetoelectric microspheres based on piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and magnetrostrictive CoFe 2 O 4 (CFO), a novel morphology for polymer-based ME material, have been developed by an electrospray process. The CFO nanoparticles content in the (3 -7 µm diameter) microspheres reaches values up to 27 wt.%, despite their concentration in the starting solution reaching values up to 70 wt.%. Additionally, the inclusion of magnetostrictive nanoparticles into the polymer spheres has no relevant effect on the piezoelectric β-phase content (≈60%), crystallinity (40%) and the onset degradatio n temperature (460º-465ºC) of the polymer matrix. The multiferroic microspeheres show a maximum piezoelectric reponse |d33|≈30 pC.N -1 , leading to a magnetoelectric response of ∆|d33|≈5 pC.N -1 obtained when a 220 mT DC magnetic field was applied. It is also shown that the interface between CFO nanoparticles and PVDF (from 0 to 55%) has a strong influence on the ME response of the microspheres. The simplicity and the scalability of the processing method suggest a large application potential of this novel mag netoelectric geometry in areas such as tissue engineering, sensors and actuators.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of magnetoelectric CoFe₂O₄ /poly(vinylidene fluoride) microspheres

et al. 2015

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“…Similar but perhaps more accurate results were obtained when Mitsuda et al (1989) examined the TX-100 thermal stability with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and IR spectrophotometry below 350ºC. There are several reasons for the need of such experiments.…”

Section: Discussion Of Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Surfactant-Steam Process: An Innovative Enhanced Heavy Oil Recovery Method for Thermal Applications

Gupta

Zeidani

2013

All Days

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Surfactant-steam process (SSP) is a novel and potentially cost-effective process that utilizes a small amount of surfactant coinjected with steam to enhance the oil recovery of steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) well pairs. The mechanism of this process involves interfacial tension (IFT) reduction, reservoir rock wettability alteration, oil relative permeability enhancement, and in-situ emulsification. SSP is expected to result in oil rate acceleration, steam-to-oil ratio (SOR) reduction and enhanced ultimate oil recovery factor. Analogous enhancement is expected if the SSP is combined with other steam-based or steam-solvent processes. This paper provides an introduction to this concept and presents a unique protocol that has been developed for screening surfactants for co-injection with steam in SAGD process. In particular, the paper presents a scientific approach to surfactant selection for SSP applications, describes the conditions in which the surfactants needs to be deployed within the reservoir, and also predicts the potential synergies if use of different classes of surfactants is made. Novel experimental design on different aspects of surfactant-steam phase behavior indicates the optimum surfactant concentrations for field trial applications. Lab testing of selected surfactants on typical Canadian oilsands sand packs shows an improved incremental oil recovery factor (RF) in the range of 6 to 16% (for different tested surfactants) compared to a SAGD base case. SSP simulations were conducted for one of the surfactants that were tested in the lab. The simulation results indicate that this particular surfactant on average accelerated the oil rate by 15% in the first 30 months of SSP operation, increased the ultimate oil RF by 10%, and reduced the cumulative steam-to-oil ratio (CSOR) by almost 11% relative to a SAGD base case. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of surfactant concentration co-injected with steam. The simulation results suggest that there is an optimum concentration for a given surfactant that needs to be explored through lab investigations and field trials. It is evident that once the SSP is successfully developed, the use of surfactant promises to improve environmental performance and project economics of the in-situ oilsands recovery.

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“…As for i.r. spectra, Triton X-100 itself and the thermal oxidation products (residue and evaporated deposit) have distinctive absorption bands in the IR region [8]. Especially, the latter has a new strong absorption band (1700 cm-1) which is assigned to Vco.…”

Section: Evaporation and Decomposition Ofmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…They decom-~ posed Triton X-100 absorbed on various ca.rbon powders at higher temperatures, observed exothermic heat ,during Triton X-100 decomposition from 3007500 ~ and concluded that the surfactant remains up to 400~ We also studied the thermal bebaviour of Triton X-100 with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared (i.r.) spectrophotometry [8]. Under nitrogen, Triton X-100 evaporates with only slight decomposition, and it evaporates completely above 350 ~ and nothing is left.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the temperature of heat treatment on phosphoric acid fuel cell cathodes

et al. 1991

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The thermal behaviour of electrode materials during heat treatment from 250-400 ~ was studied. The cathode performance changed by two steps depending on temperature of the heat treatment. At the first step (300 320 ~ polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) melted unexpectedly, giving hydrophobic character to the catalyst layer. This change drastically improved the cathode performance. At the second step (340-400 ~ support carbon was oxidized by catalytic action of platinum, increasing the PTFE content from 45 to 83 wt%. This caused a gradual decline in the cathode performance. The poor cell performance of the electrode treated below 300~ is due to the fact that PTFE is not melted at that temperature. Triton X-100 used as a surfactant in the PTFE dispersion disappeared completely from the electrode at these temperatures by oxidation, catalysed by platinum.

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Evaporation and decomposition of Triton X-100 under various gases and temperatures

Cited by 35 publications

References 2 publications

Development of magnetoelectric CoFe₂O₄ /poly(vinylidene fluoride) microspheres

Development of magnetoelectric CoFe₂O₄ /poly(vinylidene fluoride) microspheres

Surfactant-Steam Process: An Innovative Enhanced Heavy Oil Recovery Method for Thermal Applications

Influence of the temperature of heat treatment on phosphoric acid fuel cell cathodes

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Evaporation and decomposition of Triton X-100 under various gases and temperatures

Cited by 35 publications

References 2 publications

Development of magnetoelectric CoFe2O4 /poly(vinylidene fluoride) microspheres

Development of magnetoelectric CoFe2O4 /poly(vinylidene fluoride) microspheres

Surfactant-Steam Process: An Innovative Enhanced Heavy Oil Recovery Method for Thermal Applications

Influence of the temperature of heat treatment on phosphoric acid fuel cell cathodes

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Product

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Development of magnetoelectric CoFe₂O₄ /poly(vinylidene fluoride) microspheres

Development of magnetoelectric CoFe₂O₄ /poly(vinylidene fluoride) microspheres