Evanescent field interaction of 1550 nm pulsed laser with silver nanomaterial coated D-shape fiber

Muhammad, Ahmad Razif; Rusdi, Muhammad Farid Mohd; Jafry, A.A.A.; Markom, Arni Munira; Jusoh, Zuraini; Haris, Hazlihan; Harun, Sulaiman Wadi; Yupapin, P.

doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2021.103920

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Besides, metal thin films may have thermal stability issues in the experiments, which can be easily broken down. Up to now, utilizing D‐shaped fibers to reduce the accumulation of heat through evanescent field [ 214 ] or wrapping other materials like SiO 2 [ 282 ] are considerable methods to improve the thermal damage threshold. As for metal oxides, although they have inadequate broadband absorption capacity due to the large bandgap, the absorption wavelength can be adjusted by changing the size of the particles.…”

Section: Applications Of Nanomaterials In Ultrafast Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration and Applications of Nanomaterials for Ultrafast Photonics

Zhao

Jin

Liu

et al. 2022

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Nanomaterials with remarkable optical, mechanical, and electrical properties have shed new light on various fields including optoelectronics, sensors, biomedicine, and ultrafast photonics. Particularly, owing to their nonlinear optical properties, fast recovery time, and broadband operation, nanomaterials are well qualified as saturable absorbers in ultrafast pulsed lasers. Over the development of the past decades, various nanomaterials have been developed as saturable absorbers, which contribute to a diversity of lasers with excellent performance. Therefore, it is important for researchers to provide a landmark of the applications of nanomaterials in ultrafast photonics concerning cutting‐edge development. Herein, the integration and applications of nanomaterials in ultrafast photonics are reviewed. First, end‐face, lateral, as well as photonic crystal fibers padding integration methods are introduced along with their process and characteristics. Then the ultrafast applications of nanomaterials including carbon‐based (carbon nanotubes and graphene), typical 2D (topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, and MXenes), and metal‐based nanomaterials (gold, silver, copper, and metal oxides) are summarized. Major parameters of ultrafast lasers and features of each nanomaterial are presented simultaneously. Finally, the perspectives of nanomaterials for further development in ultrafast photonics are discussed.

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Section: Applications Of Nanomaterials In Ultrafast Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration and Applications of Nanomaterials for Ultrafast Photonics

Zhao

Jin

Liu

et al. 2022

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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“…[127] In 2021, Muhammed et al used two polishers with different grit sizes to produce D-shaped fibers and deposited SNPs on the polished surface using the electron beam deposition technique. [126] In 2017, Lee et al dropped GNR solution on a D-shaped fiber and dried with high-temperature airflow to acquire self-assembled GNR SA device. [128]…”

Section: D-shaped Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[155] In 2021, Muhammad et al also obtained 2.24-ps pulses at 1563.24 nm with a SNR up to 77.83 dB based on SNP SA. [126] Their works demonstrated excellence of Ag as SAs in producing stable ultrashort pulses. In 2020, Ahmad et al obtained Q-switched lasers in 1.5-and 2-µm region with the same Ag SA, revealing the potential of SNP SA for Q-switched lasers in wide band.…”

Section: Silver-based Sas At 15 μMmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 125 ] In order to reduce the insertion loss, sandpaper with different grits can be used to smoothen the D‐shaped section. [ 126 ] In D‐shaped fibers, light no longer propagates solely in the core, but throughout the fiber and integrated SA instead. By varying polishing depth, the intensity of the evanescent field to which the MNPs is exposed can be controlled.…”

Section: Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…also obtained 2.24‐ps pulses at 1563.24 nm with a SNR up to 77.83 dB based on SNP SA. [ 126 ] Their works demonstrated excellence of Ag as SAs in producing stable ultrashort pulses. In 2020, Ahmad et al.…”

Section: Applications In Ultrafast Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances and Challenges in Ultrafast Photonics Enabled by Metal Nanomaterials

Wang

Liu

Chao

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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absorbers (SAs) are widely used to obtain ultrafast lasers. Mode-locking indicates a fixed phase between longitudinal modes in spectral domain, while Q-switching refers to the giant pulse formation due to the tunable Q factor of the laser cavity. Saturable absorption represents the optical modulation that absorption coefficient of SAs decreases with the increase of incident optical intensity, where SAs are often categorized into artificial and real SAs. [7][8][9] Artificial SAs mainly consist of nonlinear polarization evolution, [10,11] nonlinear optical loop mirrors, [12][13][14] and nonlinear amplification loop mirrors, [15,16] which fulfill the function of saturable absorption by means of nonlinear effects. By contrast, real SAs are characterized by the inherent nonlinear absorption property of the materials. Semiconductor saturable absorber mirror is a typical real SA and widely used in diverse lasers. However, several drawbacks such as complex fabrication and narrow operating bandwidth restrict its applications. [17][18][19][20][21] Under such circumstances, nanomaterials emerge as SAs of distinction where 2D nanomaterials have been widely investigated because of the unique optical properties induced by the energy band structures. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Graphene possesses zero bandgap and ultrafast carrier dynamics properties, contributing to a broad operating bandwidth and fast response time. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Nevertheless, the modulation depth of ≈2.3% per layer limits Nanomaterials with outstanding optical properties are widely used in ultrafast photonics. Especially, metal nanomaterials have attracted increasing attention in recent years owing to the surface plasmon resonance that further enhances their nonlinear optical response, making them suitable for generating ultrafast pulses in a wide range of wavebands. Herein, the fabrication and integration processes of typical metal nanomaterials such as gold, silver, and copper, as well as their applications in ultrafast lasers are reviewed. The synthesis methods of metal nanomaterials, which can be divided into dry and wet methods, are first introduced with their characteristics and advantages summarized. Moreover, the integration approaches that are used to incorporate metal nanomaterials into laser cavities are discussed, where sandwich structure based on polymer film and deposition method, as well as evanescent-wave structure based on D-shaped and tapered fiber are demonstrated. Besides, the state of the art of typical ultrafast lasers enabled by metal nanoparticles is systematically reviewed. Finally, current challenges and perspectives on the development of ultrafast photonics enabled by metal nanomaterials are proposed.

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