Evaluative priming as an implicit measure of evaluation: An examination of outlier-treatments for evaluative priming scores

Koppehele-Gossel, Judith; Hoffmann, Lisa; Banse, Rainer; Gawronski, Bertram

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2019.103905

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Low statistical power may have also contributed to the affective priming task yielding less reliable results than expected. Cronbach’s alpha ranged between .11 and .21, which is lower than expected for an affective priming task using this outlier treatment (Koppehele-Gossel et al, in press). The large confidence intervals of the mean suggest a lack of sensitivity, consistent with concerns that affective priming is more susceptible to measurement error than other implicit measures (Gawronski & De Houwer, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…In the affective priming task, trials on which target words were categorized incorrectly were scored as error trials. Trials on which reaction times were shorter than 300 ms and longer than 1,000 ms were categorized as outliers, as they were deemed to be outside the window of a valid response (see Koppehele-Gossel, Hoffmann, Banse, & Gawronski, in press). Participants with a percentage of invalid trials greater than 25% on the affective priming task were excluded from the priming analyses (“observe instructions, Mallan paradigm,” n = 12; “observe instructions, Moran paradigm,” n = 11; “valence-agency instructions, Mallan paradigm,” n = 5; “valence-agency instructions, Moran paradigm,” n = 7).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrast effects in backward evaluative conditioning: Exploring effects of affective relief/disappointment versus instructional information.

Green

Luck

Gawronski

et al. 2021

Emotion

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Past studies of backward evaluative conditioning (EC) have found an assimilation effect, in that neutral conditional stimuli (CS) were found to acquire the valence of co-occurring unconditional stimuli (US). Recent studies employing a concurrent forward and backward conditioning paradigm with instructions suggesting a contrastive relation between the US and the backward CS have resulted in contrast effects, in that backward CSs acquired valence opposite to the US. The current research investigated whether these effects were in fact due to the instructions highlighting the contrastive relation between the US and CS, or whether affective relief/disappointment experienced at US offset could account for this result. Consistent with the hypothesized role of instructions, backward CS contrast effects occurred only when instructions highlighted the valence of the US and attributed control of that US to the CSs. In contrast to the affective relief/disappointment hypothesis, no backward CS contrast effects were found without such instructions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast effects in backward evaluative conditioning: Exploring effects of affective relief/disappointment versus instructional information.

Green

Luck

Gawronski

et al. 2021

Emotion

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Latencies from trials with errors (4.5% of trials) and trials with latencies lower than 300 ms (0.4% of trials) or higher than 1,000 ms (18.6% of trials) were removed (Koppehele-Gossel et al, 2020). A score was calculated for each social group by subtracting the mean response latency to positive target words preceded by primes related to the social group from the mean response latency to negative target words preceded by the same prime.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illusory-Correlation Effects on Implicit and Explicit Evaluation

Dessel

Ratliff

Brannon

et al. 2020

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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Research suggests that people sometimes perceive a relationship between stimuli when no such relationship exists (i.e., illusory correlation). Illusory-correlation effects are thought to play a central role in the formation of stereotypes and evaluations of minority versus majority groups, often leading to less favorable impressions of minorities. Extant theories differ in terms of whether they attribute illusory-correlation effects to processes operating during learning (belief formation) or measurement (belief expression), and whether different evaluation measures should be differentially sensitive to illusory-correlation effects. Past research found mixed evidence for dissociative effects of illusory-correlation manipulations on measures of implicit (i.e., automatic) and explicit (i.e., controlled) evaluation. Four high-powered studies obtained illusory-correlation effects on explicit evaluations, but not implicit evaluations probed with an Implicit Association Test, Evaluative Priming Task, and Affect Misattribution Procedure. The results are consistent with theories that attribute illusory-correlation effects to processes during belief expression.

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“…Alternative measures of implicit attitudes, including evaluative priming (Fazio et al, 1986;Koppehele-Gossel et al, 2020), and the Affect Misattribution Procedure (Payne et al, 2005), should be utilized by future research to validate the population-level true values, individual-level implicit attitudes, and their relationships to judgments of the population's true preferences.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit attitudes matter for social judgments of others' preference, but do not make those judgments more or less accurate

Lees

2021

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

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Drawing from a large dataset of responses to implicit and explicit attitude measures and social judgments of others' preferences (N = 97,176) across 95 distinct attitude domains, this Registered Report utilized a componential analysis of judgment accuracy to examine whether implicit attitudes affected the accuracy of social judgment. I found evidence that judgments of the population's preferences were associated with the population's true implicit (but not explicit) attitudes, and that individuals projected their implicit attitudes in addition to the projection of explicit attitudes when judging the population's true preferences. However, I found no evidence that stronger or weaker implicit attitudes were uniquely associated with greater or less accuracy in judging the population's true preferences. These results provide generalizable evidence that implicit attitudes matter greatly for social judgment accuracy in distinct and nuanced ways.

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Evaluative priming as an implicit measure of evaluation: An examination of outlier-treatments for evaluative priming scores

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Contrast effects in backward evaluative conditioning: Exploring effects of affective relief/disappointment versus instructional information.

Contrast effects in backward evaluative conditioning: Exploring effects of affective relief/disappointment versus instructional information.

Illusory-Correlation Effects on Implicit and Explicit Evaluation

Implicit attitudes matter for social judgments of others' preference, but do not make those judgments more or less accurate

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