Evaluation of zinc supplementation in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juvenile diets

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the e¡ect of increased zinc dietary levels on the growth performance, feed utilization, immune status and induced wound healing in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish weighing 10 g were fed ¢ve diets containing organic zinc at 30,70,110 and 150 mg kg À 1 diet and one inorganic zinc source (zinc oxide) at 150 mg kg À 1 diet for a period of 12 weeks. No signi¢cant (P40.05) di¡erences were found in the growth performance parameters (¢nal weight, speci¢c growth rate), immunological indices tested (respiratory burst activity in whole blood) and the wound-healing process. Zinc accumulation in the skin, vertebrae and liver increased signi¢cantly (Po0.01) with increased dietary zinc levels but not in muscle. The highest zinc concentrations were obtained in skin tissue, followed by vertebrae, liver and muscle tissue. Using the concentration of zinc in skin as a response criterion, broken-line analysis showed that the supplementation of 148 mg organic Zn kg À 1 diet seemed to be the optimum dietary zinc supplementation level for sea bass juveniles.Data are presented as means of three replicates/treatment AE SD. Ã FCR (feed conversion ratio) 5 consumed dry feed (g)/weight gain (g).wSGR [speci¢c growth rate (% day À 1 )] 5 100 Â (ln ¢nal weight À ln initial weight)/days. Aquaculture Research, 2010, 41, e208^e216 Zinc requirements in sea bass F Eleni et al.

Effect of temperature and diet on wound healing in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

“…diet. Levels both of vitamin C and Zn in the skin correlated with dietary levels (results not shown), as previously described by Wahli et al (2003) and Fountoulaki et al (2010). Vitamin C has been shown to impact on wound healing in salmonids, and fish presented diets with no vitamin C completely failed to repair wounds (Halver 1972).…”

“…Zn is among the most important trace elements in fish nutrition and is involved in various metabolic pathways (Watanabe et al 1997). Although the mechanisms are not fully understood, Zn deficiency has been associated with delayed wound healing, eye lens cataract and erosions of the fins and skin in fish (Fountoulaki et al 2010;Waagbø 2008;Ogino and Yang 1979;Hughes 1985). The importance of Zn in the protection against auto oxidation has been demonstrated in salmonids (Kaushik 2001).…”

“…Zn is an important trace element in fish nutrition (Fountoulaki et al 2010), and it is known to exert a beneficial effect on wound healing by modulating inflammation and speeding up the re-epithelialisation process. It stimulates the proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts in wounds and increases collagen synthesis (Tenaud et al 2000).…”

Dietary zinc requirement of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt 1869) juveniles, based on the growth performance and blood parameters

“…Zinc also serves as a functional cofactor for more than 200 metalloenzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, RNA polymerase, alkaline phosphatase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and carbonic anhydrase (Kucukbay et al 2006;Fountoulaki et al 2010;Luo et al 2011;Liang et al 2012;Lin et al 2013). The importance of Zn in the antioxidant protection has been also illustrated in many aquatic organisms (Huang et al 2015;Feng et al 2011;Trevisan et al 2014).…”

“…Although fish can uptake the Zn directly from the surrounding water via the gills, ambient waterborne Zn concentration in most freshwaters is known to be suboptimal to meet their metabolic requirements and a dietary supplementation is necessary to compensate for low dietborne Zn concentration (Gatlin and Phillips 1989;Fountoulaki et al 2010;Luo et al 2011). On the other hand, excessive Zn in the diet has been reported to compete with the absorption of other bivalent elements, including copper (Cu), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), and cadmium (Cd) (Clearwater et al 2002).…”