Evaluation of water quality via determination of trihalomethanes in water distribution networks of Riyadh city in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Aleid, Musaad K.; Alharbi, Khalid N.; Aljufareen, Mona A.; Aloliwi, Areej S.; Almutairi, Alhanouf K.; Alsaif, Rahaf S.; Alshayeb, Nada K.; Almoiqli, Mohammed S.

doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.105431

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Low concentrations of iron suggest that the oxidizing process was effective, and the system has good structural conditions. The physical conditions of water distribution systems, their conception, and layout contribute to varying levels of Fe and Mn in water, altering the metallic taste during consumption by humans [11,23,37].…”

Section: Distribution Of Potentially Toxic Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Every system that uses disinfection by chlorination has, as a result, the generation of either THMs or other byproducts with a carcinogenic potential of higher or lower intensity [2,5]. Besides THMs, elements such as potentially toxic metals, which generally have high levels of bioaccumulation, may be present in water [23]. These species pose major risks to human health and the ecosystem in the long term and may indirectly alter the amount of THMs generated [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring and Assessment of the Quality of Chlorinated Water in Schools

Stein,

Galvão,

Paulino

et al. 2024

Water

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All water destined for human consumption must be subjected to disinfection processes via chlorination with the aim of eliminating the risk of the transmission of waterborne diseases. However, the treatment of water using this method leads to the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs), which are toxic compounds that may be ingested, inhaled, or absorbed by the skin, increasing the risk of carcinogenic and mutagenic processes. High trihalomethane concentrations in water may be directly related to physicochemical properties, such as temperature, pH, hardness, and potentially toxic metal concentrations. In this work, physicochemical characterization was performed and water quality was assessed with regard to the presence of trihalomethanes in 17 samples collected from points before and after storage in reservoirs. Atomic absorption spectroscopy to determine potentially toxic metals and the measurement of physicochemical properties demonstrated that all results were in accordance with the standards established by Brazilian legislation. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to determine levels of trihalomethanes in the water samples (trichloromethane, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane, and bromoform), which were also in accordance with the limits established by Brazilian legislation. Hierarchical clustering on principal components confirmed changes in the water quality depending on location. This work constitutes a paradigm for future studies on the monitoring of toxic organic compounds in water to avoid health problems in humans and animals.

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Section: Distribution Of Potentially Toxic Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring and Assessment of the Quality of Chlorinated Water in Schools

Stein,

Galvão,

Paulino

et al. 2024

Water

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Analysis of THM formation potential in drinking water networks: Effects of network age, health risks, and seasonal variations in northwest of Iran

Jafari,

Behnami,

Ghayurdoost

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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Shortage Analysis and Strategies for the Water Resource in Saudi Arabia under the Rapid Development of the Tourism Industry

Arrehedi,

Changming,

Hamed

2024

ejtas

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This study evaluates water sustainability in Saudi Arabia amid expanding tourism using a mixed-methods approach. Primary data were collected through surveys targeting 150 stakeholders in water management and tourism, while secondary data were sourced from official reports. Quantitative analysis revealed significant challenges, with an average daily per capita water consumption of 299 liters and severe stress in regions like Riyadh and Jeddah. Groundwater quantity for 2022 was recorded at 1.48 km³, and desalinated water production totaled 1.95 km³, revealing a supply-demand gap of 1.82 km³. The correlation analysis indicated a significant positive relationship (r=0.440) between tourism growth and water demand. Survey results showed 70% of respondents reported no difficulties in accessing clean water during Hajj, while 30% indicated occasional issues. Stakeholders emphasized the need for integrating renewable energy with desalination to reduce operational costs and carbon emissions. The study recommends enhancing Reverse Osmosis (RO) technology with solar energy to improve sustainability and efficiency, aligning with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. These findings highlight the necessity for sustainable water management strategies to balance economic growth with resource sustainability, guiding policymakers in developing effective practices for future water security.

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Evaluation of water quality via determination of trihalomethanes in water distribution networks of Riyadh city in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Monitoring and Assessment of the Quality of Chlorinated Water in Schools

Monitoring and Assessment of the Quality of Chlorinated Water in Schools

Analysis of THM formation potential in drinking water networks: Effects of network age, health risks, and seasonal variations in northwest of Iran

Shortage Analysis and Strategies for the Water Resource in Saudi Arabia under the Rapid Development of the Tourism Industry

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