Evaluation of various plant extracts against the early blight disease of tomato plants under greenhouse and field conditions

Abstract

The antimicrobial activity of six plant extracts from ocimum basilicum (Sweat Basil), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Eucalyptus chamadulonsis (Eucalyptus), Datura stramonium (Jimsonweed), Nerium oleander (Oleander), and Allium sativum (Garlic) was tested for controlling Alternaria solani in vitro and in vivo. In in vitro study the leaf extracts of D. stramonium, A. indica, and A. sativum at 5% concentration caused the highest reduction of mycelial growth of A. solani (44.4, 43.3 and 42.2%, respectively), while o. basilicum at 1% and 5% concentration and N. oleander at 5% concentration caused the lowest inhibition of mycelial growth of the pathogen. In greenhouse experiments the highest reduction of disease severity was achieved by the extracts of A. sativum at 5% concentration and D. stramonium at 1% and 5% concentration. The greatest reduction of disease severity was achieved by A. sativum at 5% concentration and the smallest reduction was obtained when tomato plants were treated with o. basilicum at 1% and 5% concentration (46.1 and 45.2 %, respectively). D. stramonium and A. sativum at 5% concentration increased the fruit yield by 76.2% and 66.7% compared to the infected control. All treatments with plant extracts significantly reduced the early blight disease as well as increased the yield of tomato compared to the infected control under field conditions.

Eco-Friendly Management of Chilli Anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici)

“…The results revealed that botanical extracts are capable of reducing anthracnose of chilli, quite significant even when applied singly. This result is in corroboration with some previous research works (Lakshmanan et al, 1990;Miah et al, 1990;Achimu and Schloesser, 1992;Nashwa and Abo-Elyousr, 2012;Ademe et al, 2013;Kabir et al, 2014). However, combinations of botanical extracts were more strong and effective even to a level that with minimum risk, such treatment can replace a highly effective chemical fungicidal treatment.…”

“…The combined treatments neem-garlic-mahagony and neem-mahagony-koromcha showed highly significant effect on the yield of broccoli reported by Kabir et al (2014). The fruit yield of different crops was increased by the use of different plant extracts are in agreement with the results of earlier investigations (Ngullie et al, 2010;Nashwa and Abo-Elyousr, 2012;Ademe et al, 2013).…”

“…In general, combined effects of different approaches were more effective than individual approach in reducing disease incidence and severity in plants. This finding was also consistently in corroboration to the suggestions given by many researchers (Ashrafuzzaman and Khan, 1992;Rashid et al, 2007Rashid et al, , 2010Nashwa and Abo-Elyousr, 2012;Suratuzzaman et al, 1994;Perello et al, 2013a,b).…”

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“…A number of plants have been reported to cause inhibition of several phytopathogenic fungi. [23,[36][37][38][39][40][41] [34] The petroleum ether extract exhibited significant antifungal activity against the test fungi. The leaf extract of S. crispus did not show any visible inhibition against Aspergillus brasiliensis and Candida albicans.…”

In Vivo Management of Early Blight Disease of Potato With Herbal Formulation

“…The pathogen can also attack potato tubers and symptoms are circular to irregular lesions that are slightly sunken and often surrounded by a raised purple to dark brown border and produce a shallow, dry, corky rot. [4,5] Estimating total annual crop losses due to any particular disease is difficult to do accurately.…”