Evaluation of urinary abnormalities in nephrolithiasis patients from Marathwada region

Abstract

Urinary abnormalities were evaluated in 100 renal stone patients with first episode of renal stone having age 22 to 45 years from both sex and compared to 100 normal healthy control group having same age group from both sex. Twenty-four hours urinary oxalate, calcium, uric acid, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus and citrate were estimated. The urinary pH was also determined. In stone formers urinary oxalate, calcium, sodium and uric acid excretions were significantly higher when compared with control group. Whereas citrate, phosphate and magnesium excretion were significantly lower in stone formers when compared with control.The pH of urine in stone formers was lower than the controls. High dietary intake of purine rich diet causes elevated excretion of uric acid, which leads to calcium oxalate crystal formation and precipitation. Other risk factors such as urinary oxalate, calcium also related to formation of renal calculi.Hypocitraturia is the main cause of renal calculi along with hypomagnesiuria and hypophosphaturia in the patient of Marathwada region. On the basis of urinary abnormalities further stone formation in the patient can be prevented by dietary modifications.

The<i> I</i>550<i>V</i> polymorphism in the renal human sodium/dicarboxylate cotransporter 1 (<i>hNaDC</i>-1) gene is associated with the risk for urolithiasis in adults from Southeastern, Mexico

“…This observation is consistent with results of previous studies which evaluated the same association in other populations [4][5][6][7] and; with the results obtained in a previous study conducted in the Yucatan population, in which hypocitraturia was found in 63.6% of patients with UL [3]. Given that we did not find any association between I550V-hNaDC-1 genotype and hypocitraturia itself, the genetic contribution of this SNP towards hypocitraturia was not demonstrated in this Mexican population; so the possible genetic basis should be in relation to different implicated genes or different SNPs.…”

“…Hypocitraturia, which is considered as a urine citrate excretion below 320 mg in 24 hours [2], represents the most common metabolic abnormality in adults with UL [3]. Hypocitraturia is known to be a major risk factor for the development of lithiasis [4][5][6][7], because of citrate acts as a calcium chelating agent, which reduces the formation of oxalate and calcium phosphate, thus inhibiting the generation of urinary calculus [8].…”

The various metabolic factors involved in stone recurrence: a prospective study

“…Deshmukh et al were evaluated in 100 renal stone patients with first episode of renal stone having age 22 to 45 years from both sex and compared to 100 normal healthy control group, pH of urine in stone formers was lower than the controls. 17 Sakhaee et al studied the urinary pH as a risk factor for stone formations and supported that low urinary pH. Strohmaeir et al studied in urinary stone formers with hypocitraturia and concluded that normal urinary pH is at higher risk of recurrence than low urine pH.…”

Magnesium supplementation to prevent recurrence of renal stones

“…When compared with healthy controls, stone formers have lower UMg excretion 4,10,11 . Epidemiologic studies have found an inverse association between an increased magnesium (Mg) intake and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones 12 .…”