Evaluation of uranium and other toxic heavy metals in drinking water of Chamba district, Himachal Pradesh, India for possible health hazards

Kumari, Punam; Kumar, Gulshan; Prasher, Sangeeta; Kaur, Surinder; Mehra, Rohit; Kumar, Pankaj; Kumar, Mukesh

doi:10.1007/s12665-021-09574-x

Cited by 14 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The location of collected samples for chemical analysis is shown in Figure 13. The groundwater quality in terms of TDS is under permissible limits as per drinking water norms IS 10500:2015, except for a few isolated pockets in the north-east for 2016 to 2018 [64]. However, in 2020, the total area was under the permissible limits, indicating the impact of groundwater recharge on its quality.…”

Section: Hydrochemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Groundwater Reserves of the Udaipur District, Aravalli Range, India, Using Geospatial Techniques

Shyam

Meraj

Kanga

et al. 2022

Water

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Population increase has placed ever-increasing demands on the available groundwater (GW) resources, particularly for intensive agricultural activities. In India, groundwater is the backbone of agriculture and drinking purposes. In the present study, an assessment of groundwater reserves was carried out in the Udaipur district, Aravalli range, India. It was observed that the principal aquifer for the availability of groundwater in the studied area is quartzite, phyllite, gneisses, schist, and dolomitic marble, which occur in unconfined to semi-confined zones. Furthermore, all primary chemical ingredients were found within the permissible limit, including granum. We also found that the average annual rainfall days in a year in the study area was 30 from 1957 to 2020, and it has been found that there are chances to receive surplus rainfall once in every five deficit rainfall years. Using integrated remote sensing, GIS, and a field-based spatial modeling approach, it was found that the dynamic GW reserves of the area are 637.42 mcm/annum, and the total groundwater draft is 639.67 mcm/annum. The deficit GW reserves are 2.25 mcm/annum from an average rainfall of 627 mm, hence the stage of groundwater development is 100.67% and categorized as over-exploited. However, as per the relationship between reserves and rainfall events, surplus reserves are available when rainfall exceeds 700 mm. We conclude that enough static GW reserves are available in the studied area to sustain the requirements of the drought period. For the long-term sustainability of groundwater use, controlling groundwater abstraction by optimizing its use, managing it properly through techniques such as sprinkler and drip irrigation, and achieving more crop-per-drop schemes, will go a long way to conserving this essential reserve, and create maximum groundwater recharge structures.

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Section: Hydrochemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%