Evaluation of Ultraviolet C for Disinfection of Endocavitary Ultrasound Transducers Persistently Contaminated despite Probe Covers

Kac, G.; Podglajen, Isabelle; Si-Mohamed, Ali; Rodi, Aurelia; Grataloup, C.; Meyer, Guy

doi:10.1086/649794

Cited by 70 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…We observed a 2.2% rate of HR-HPV contamination of probes (1.8% before use and 2.5% after use). This result is in agreement with the results observed by Kac G et al [10], who reported 8.2% (95% CI, 4.0%–15.5%) of vaginal-rectal ultrasound probe covers contaminated with HPV, and 0.9% (3/336) contaminated after retrieval of the probe cover, but before low level disinfection (LLD). In a recent publication, Ma ST detects a proportion of 7.5% probes positive for HPV DNA [13].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The close contact between the probe and the cervix uteri or vaginal wall may represent a potential vector for sexual transmitted infections, such as HPV. In 2010 Kac noticed HPV contamination of endovaginal and endorectal ultrasound probes, despite usage of specific probe covers [10]. French national disinfection guidelines classify covered endovaginal ultrasound probes as non-critical devices and therefore undergo low level disinfection with products such as quaternary ammonium compounds [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Risk HPV Contamination of Endocavity Vaginal Ultrasound Probes: An Underestimated Route of Nosocomial Infection?

et al. 2012

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BackgroundEndocavity ultrasound is seen as a harmless procedure and has become a common gynaecological procedure. However without correct disinfection, it may result in nosocomial transmission of genito-urinary pathogens, such as high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV). We aimed to evaluate the currently recommended disinfection procedure for covered endocavity ultrasound probes, which consists of “Low Level Disinfection” (LLD) with “quaternary ammonium compounds” containing wipes.MethodsFrom May to October 2011 swabs were taken from endovaginal ultrasound probes at the Gynecology Department of the Lyon University Hospital. During the first phase (May–June 2011) samples were taken after the ultrasound examination and after the LLD procedure. In a second phase (July–October 2011) swab samples were collected just before the probe was used. All samples were tested for the presence of human DNA (as a marker for a possible transmission of infectious pathogens from the genital tract) and HPV DNA with the Genomica DNA microarray (35 different HPV genotypes).ResultsWe collected 217 samples before and 200 samples after the ultrasound examination. The PCR was inhibited in two cases. Human DNA was detected in 36 (18%) post-examination samples and 61 (28%) pre-examination samples. After the ultrasound LLD procedure, 6 (3.0%) samples contained HR-HPV types (16, 31, 2×53 and 58). Similarly, HPV was detected in 6 pre-examination samples (2.7%). Amongst these 4 (1.9%) contained HR-HPV (types 53 and 70).ConclusionOur study reveals that a considerable number of ultrasound probes are contaminated with human and HR-HPV DNA, despite LLD disinfection and probe cover. In all hospitals, where LLD is performed, the endovaginal ultrasound procedure must therefore be considered a source for nosocomial HR-HPV infections. We recommend the stringent use of high-level disinfectants, such as glutaraldehyde or hydrogen peroxide solutions.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Risk HPV Contamination of Endocavity Vaginal Ultrasound Probes: An Underestimated Route of Nosocomial Infection?

et al. 2012

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“…Similarly, HPV was detected in six pre-examination samples. This study, as well as others, showed that a large amount of ultrasound probes were contaminated with high-risk HPV [57][58][59][60]. As discussed, most clinical disinfectants are inadequate to neutralize HPV.…”

Section: Potential Routes and Evidence Of Non-sexual Transmissionsupporting

confidence: 60%

A risk for non-sexual transmission of human papillomavirus?

Ryndock

Meyers

2014

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are estimated to be the most common sexually transmitted virus in humans. The virus is of great interest as it is the etiological agent of cervical cancer. Sexual transmission of HPV is generally accepted, however, non-sexual transmission of the virus is often debated. Here, we review the evidence from basic research and clinical studies that show HPV can survive well outside of its host to potentially be transmitted by non-sexual means. In doing so, we hope to discover problems in current prevention practices and show a need for better disinfectants to combat the spread of HPV.

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“…70,80,89,92,121,122 There is evidence from in vitro studies that some NTD systems are more susceptible to organic soiling than others. For example, H 2 O 2 vapour systems are more able to penetrate increasing levels of organic soiling than aHP.…”

Section: Selecting Validating and Regulating Ntd Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of ‘no-touch’ automated room disinfection systems in infection prevention and control

Otter

Yezli

Perl

et al. 2013

Journal of Hospital Infection

126

120

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Evaluation of Ultraviolet C for Disinfection of Endocavitary Ultrasound Transducers Persistently Contaminated despite Probe Covers

Cited by 70 publications

References 17 publications

High Risk HPV Contamination of Endocavity Vaginal Ultrasound Probes: An Underestimated Route of Nosocomial Infection?

High Risk HPV Contamination of Endocavity Vaginal Ultrasound Probes: An Underestimated Route of Nosocomial Infection?

A risk for non-sexual transmission of human papillomavirus?

The role of ‘no-touch’ automated room disinfection systems in infection prevention and control

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