Evaluation of two Iranian domestic ovine breeds for their pathological findings to gastrointestinal infection of Haemonchus contortus

Abstract

The generally warm, moist environmental conditions in the Northwestern Iran are ideal for survival and growth of the egg and larval stages of Haemonchus contortus and other gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of sheep and goats.A total of 2,421 animals were slaughtered and examined from July 2010 to July 2011 in Urmia abattoir. In case of sheep, 225 out of 2,421 were positive and prevalence of H. contortus infestation was 9.3 %. Sex wise prevalence of H. contortus in sheep was 33.08 % (76/229) in male and 66.22 % (149/225) in female. The females indicated significantly (P < 0.05) higher prevalence (66.22 %) as compared to males (33.08 %). The highest prevalence was recorded in the spring (April) and the lowest was in summer (July), respectively. On microscopic examination, infiltration of mononuclear cells and eosinophils in gastric glands, periglandular hyperemia and hemorrhage, mucous gland hyperplasia, connective tissue proliferation and necrosis was observed. Also, in mixed abomasal infection with Haemonchus and Ostertagia species, mucosal hyperplasia and increased mucous glands and sometimes cystic glands were seen. Statistical analysis using SPSS software, and Chi-square test, demonstrated a non-significant difference between ages and abomasal PH values of infected and healthy sheep (P < 0.05). But the difference between sexes, seasons and abomasal lesions was significant (P > 0.05).

Pathological Aspects of Haemonchosis in Goats and Sheeps

“…Lesi patologi anatomi pada domba yang terinfeksi adalah edema umum, anemia, dan timbunan cairan pada rongga tubuh. Cairan yang ditemukan di bagian abdomen beberapa diantaranya bercampur dengan darah karena infestasi H. contortus dewasa dalam jumlah yang sangat besar (Javanbakht et al 2014;Rahman et al 2017;Chikweto et al 2018). Saminathan et al (2015) melaporkan bahwa pada rongga dada ditemukan cairan kurang lebih 500 ml, sedangkan pada rongga abdomen ditemukan cairan kurang lebih 500 -750 ml (Gambar 5).…”

“…Lesi patologi anatomi lain yang ditemukan adalah kulit kering, rambut kusam (Patel et al 2019), karkas sangat anemik / pucat (Dutta et al 2017;Jesse et al 2019) dan beberapa mengalami kaheksia (Gambar 6B) (Saminathan et al 2015;Patel et al 2019;Jesse et al 2019), mukosa konjungtiva (Gambar 6A), otot bukal, serta mukosa vagina pucat, organ-organ viscera berwarna pucat, paru-paru berwarna pucat dan mengalami emfisema, jantung berwarna pucat dan ditemukan gelatinisasi lemak epikardial, gelatinisasi lemak sub kutan, limfoglandula pre-scapularis berwarna pucat disertai dengan edema dan gelatinisasi lemak di sekitarnya, limfoglandula mesenterika membesar, edema, dan berwarna pucat. (Javanbakht et al 2014;Saminathan et al 2015;Jamila 2017;Rahman et al 2017;Chikweto et al 2018;Jesse et al 2019) Gambar 6. Mukosa konjungtiva pucat (A) karkas berwarna pucat, lemak subkutan mengalami gelatinisasi (B).…”

“…Pada beberapa kasus ditemukan hiperaktivitas sel-sel goblet yang menyebabkan oklusi lumen glandular (Dutta et al 2017), hiperplasia kelenjar mukus sehingga terjadi penebalan (Gambar 10B), proliferasi jaringan ikat A B A B C (Gambar 10D), dan nekrosis (pada kasus peradangan abomasum kronis dan persembuhan luka). Mukosa abomasum mengalami nekrosis yang disebabkan oleh kerusakan kimiawi yang dilepaskan oleh H. contortus yang dapat mengaktivasi sel-sel radang (Javanbakht et al 2014;Saminathan et al 2015;Hoste et al 2016;Rahman et al 2017).…”

“…), serta mukosa mengalami penebalan(Al Gaabary et al 2012;Javanbakht et al 2014;Saminathan et al 2015; Bahrami et al 2017;Jamila 2017;Rahman et al 2017) Rinaldi et al (2011). dalam studinya menyatakan bahwa sekresi mukus pada abomasum yang terinfeksi cacing merupakan reaksi pertahanan inang dalam melawan parasit.…”