Evaluation of Tumor Treatment of Magnetic Nanoparticles Driven by Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field

Abstract

Recently, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), which can be manipulated in the magnetic field, have received much attention in tumor therapy. Extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELMF) system can initiate MNPs vibrating and the movement of MNPs inside of cells can be controlled by adjusting the frequency and intensity of ELMF towards irreversible cell damages. In this study, we investigated the detrimental effects on tumor cells with MNPs under various ELMF exposure conditions. An in-house built ELMF system was developed and utilized for evaluating the treatment efficiency of MNPs on tumor cells with specific intensities (2–20 Hz) and frequencies (0.1–20 mT). Significant morphological changes were found in tumor cells treated with MNPs in combing with ELMF, which were consistent with noticeable decrease in cell viability. With the increase of the intensity and frequency of the magnetic field, the structural integrity of tumor tissue can be further destroyed. Destructive effects of MNPs and ELMF on tumor tissues were further determined by the pathophysiological changes observed in vivo in animal study. Taken together, the combination of MNPs and ELMF had a great potential as an innovative treatment approach for tumor intervention.

Cancer treatment by magneto-mechanical effect of particles, a review

“…Although particles with a shape anisotropy are preferable to transfer a mechanical action on cells, several studies have observed a lethal effect on cancer cells by TMMEP using spherical particles. 43,44,46,[49][50][51] It should be noted that such spherical particles may however form small chains due to their magnetostatic interactions in an applied magnetic eld, and thus act as a unique elongated particle. The spherical particles used in TMMEP were mainly commercially available SPIONs fabricated by chemical routes, single or in cluster, actuated by applied magnetic elds of low frequency.…”

“…Although without statistical validation, we can observe some trends based on all the in vitro studies. As shown in Table 2 (column 6), apoptosis represents, in most cases, the latest stage of the above cited cellular perturbations, 21,22,25,27,30,32,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]46,[50][51][52] however with variable rates of cancer cells mortality (or viability). Some of the studies show the induction of necrosis onlysuch as necrotic membrane disruption, cell membrane leakage or cell lysis.…”

“…The effect was maximal at the highest frequency (20 Hz) as well as the highest eld strength (20 mT). 50 In vivo tests were also performed by Zamay et al 40 by injecting adenocarcinoma cells into the mouse thigh. One hour aer intra-tumor injection of the particles (nickel nanodiscs), mice were subjected to a eld of 100 Oe (i.e.…”

Fe-Cr-Nb-B ferromagnetic particles with shape anisotropy for cancer cell destruction by magneto-mechanical actuation

“…Once the destruction effect of moving MPs on tumor cells was demonstrated, the researchers focused their work on finding the most appropriate magnetic materials with larger mechanic torque of MPs under the variable magnetic field action. Thus, magnetite particles 6 , 7 , magnetic-vortex NiFe microdiscs prepared by magnetron sputtering followed by optical lithography 8 , 9 , ultrathin perpendicularly magnetized magnetic particles 10 , 11 , synthetic antiferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic microdiscs 12 with no magnetic remanence 13 , nanowires with various compositions obtained by electrodeposition in aluminum membranes 14 – 16 were studied at large for this purpose. The possibility of using STEM cells as carriers for the MPs to the tumor site, followed by the release of MPs based on magneto-mechanical actuation and destruction of cancer cells was also considered by the scientific world 17 .…”

Fabrication of 6-gingerol, doxorubicin and alginate hydroxyapatite into a bio-compatible formulation: enhanced anti-proliferative effect on breast and liver cancer cells

“…However, there is a significant increase in activity when drugs are loaded onto m-HAP nanoparticles, in contrast to the neat drug. This could be due to the remarkable ability of the carrier molecules to penetrate the cell membranes and to extend the activity [71].…”