Evaluation of Triacontanol-Containing Compounds as Anti-Inflammatory Agents Using Guinea Pig Models

McBride, Paul; Clark, Lealand; Krueger, Gerald G.

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12471763

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…LTB4 is a powerful pro-inflammatory mediator that activates and recruits neutrophils to the site of injury, increases superoxide generation, pro-inflammatory cytokines production and may sustain bronchoconstrictor and gastrotoxic effects[ 54 ]. Such results then were promising and consistent with previous reports of the antiinflammatory effects of triacontanol, the main component of D-002, demonstrated by using in vitro and in vivo models[ 55 56 ].…”

Section: Beneficial Effects On Joint Healthsupporting

confidence: 91%

D-002 (beeswax alcohols): Concurrent joint health benefits and gastroprotection

Molina¹,

Más²,

Carbajal³

2015

Indian J Pharm Sci

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Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs include the traditional drugs and more selective COX-2 inhibitors. Traditional nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use is hampered by their gastrotoxicity, while COX-2-inhibitors increase the cardiovascular risk. The search of safer substances for managing inflammatory conditions is updated, a challenge wherein dual COX/5-LOX inhibitors have a place. This review summarizes the benefits of D-002, a mixture of higher aliphatic beeswax alcohols, on joint health and gastric mucosa. D-002 elicits gastroprotection through a multiple mechanism that involves the increased secretion and improved quality of the gastric mucus, the reduction of hydroxyl radical, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, neutrophil infiltration and the increase of antioxidant enzymes on the gastric mucosa. Consistently, D-002 inhibits NSAIDs, ethanol, pylorus-ligation and acetic acid-induced gastric ulceration in rats, and has reduced gastrointestinal symptoms in clinical studies. Early results found that D-002 was effective in the cotton pellet-induced granuloma and carrageenan-induced pleurisy model in rats, lowering pleural leukotriene B4 levels without causing gastrointestinal ulceration. However, D-002 effects on inflammation received little attention for years. Recent data have shown that D-002 inhibited both COX and 5-LOX activities with a greater affinity for 5-LOX and could act as a dual COX/5-LOX inhibitor. This mechanism might explain efficacy in experimental inflammatory and osteoarthritic models as well as clinical efficacy in osteoarthritic patients while supporting the lack of D-002 gastrotoxicity, but not the gastroprotective effects, which appear to be due to multiple mechanisms. In summary oral D-002 intake could help manage inflammatory conditions that impair joint health, while offering gastroprotection.

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Section: Beneficial Effects On Joint Healthsupporting

confidence: 91%

D-002 (beeswax alcohols): Concurrent joint health benefits and gastroprotection

Molina¹,

Más²,

Carbajal³

2015

Indian J Pharm Sci

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“…Their interpretation was that these effects resulted from attachment of hydrophobic regions of the alcohols to lipid components of the virus membranes while simultaneously orienting themselves at the membrane-aqueous interface through the molecules' polar groups (7,8). Subsequently, Clark and colleagues (16) concluded that the 30-carbon-long saturated alcohol triacontanol was active against herpes simplex infections, but it was speculated that the antiherpes activity observed in animal studies reflected an immunostimulatory effect of this compound (17). The present studies document that the 22-carbon-long saturated alcohol 1-docosanol substantially inhibits replication of HSV and RSV within primary target cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral activity of 1-docosanol, an inhibitor of lipid-enveloped viruses including herpes simplex.

Katz

Marcelletti

Khalil

et al. 1991

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The former was mainly isolated from beeswax [8], whereas 1-octacosanol from germ oils, wax sources (sugarcane, rice bran) and Euphorbiaceae [8][9][10]. 1-Triacontanol was highlighted as a plant growth promoter and an anti-inflammatory substance [1][2][3], while 1-octacosanol showed ergogenic, neurological and antioxidant properties [4,5]. The C 28 linear aliphatic primary alcohol is the major component (60-70%) of policosanol, the purified natural product, first described by Cuban researchers [11], that consists of a mixture of 8 higher aliphatic alcohols obtained from the wax of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For many years, higher aliphatic primary alcohols have been a subject of research. Early works were mainly focused on the biological activities of 1-triacontanol (C 30 H 61 OH) and 1-octacosanol (C 28 H 57 OH) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The former was mainly isolated from beeswax [8], whereas 1-octacosanol from germ oils, wax sources (sugarcane, rice bran) and Euphorbiaceae [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%