Evaluation of total plasma bile acid concentrations for the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in horses

West, H.J.

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(18)31156-1

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, there was significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in the levels of total proteins, albumen and glucose levels in diseased camels when compared to their values in healthy camels. These results are in concurrence with those obtained by Craig et al [28] in cattle and West [29] in horses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Liver Abscess in Dromedary Camels (Camelusdromedaries): Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Proinflammatory Cytokines

El-Deeb¹,

Fouda²

2013

J Veterinar Sci Technol

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Background: The characteristic clinical manifestations, oxidative stress markers and proinflammatory Cytokines in liver abscess in camel are poorly defined.Objective: Our objectives were to investigate liver abscess in camel at the slaughter house and to address its effect on blood cellular and biochemical values particularly oxidative stress markers and proinflammatory cytokines.Methods: Thirty-five camels with liver abscesses and 15 healthy camels were included in this study. Complete blood picture, and selected biochemical parameters were carried out. Bacteriological examination was also carried out.Results: Clinical signs were recorded. The hematological picture of diseased camels revealed reduction in the total erythrocytic count and hemoglobin level associated with elevation in leucocytic count and neutrophils percentage. The biochemical analysis of serum samples revealed increase in the levels of liver enzymes associated with reduction in the levels of total proteins, albumen and glucose levels in diseased camels when compared to their levels in healthy ones. Increased levels of lipid peroxidation and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase with significant reduction in the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione were evident when compared to their levels in healthy camels. There was elevation in the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in diseased camels when compared to their levels in normal ones. The isolated bacteria from liver abscess were Fusobacterium necrophorum, Corynebacterium psuedotuberclosis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus spp. Conclusions:Oxidative stress and proinflammatory Cytokines could be used as biomarkers of liver abscess in camel. It is one of the best antioxidant supplied organs. An important function of the liver is the detoxification of drugs, chemicals and toxic materials, with the subsequent release of free radicals [14,15]. To the best of our knowledge little is known about liver abscess as a disease condition in camels, therefore the main objective of this study was to throw the light on liver abscess in camel at the slaughter house and to address the effects on blood cellular and biochemical values particularly oxidative stress markers and proinflammatory cytokines. Liver Abscesses in Dromedary Camels Materials and Methods AnimalsA total of 50 one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) were involved in this study. Their age ranged between 3.5 and 7 years old. All camels were examined carefully before slaughtering. The camels divided into two groups. The 1 st was healthy camels (n=15) and the second was camels with liver abscess (n=35). Journal of Veterinary Science & TechnologyCitation: El-Deeb WM, Fouda TA (2013) Liver Abscesses in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedaries): Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Proinflammatory Cytokines.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Liver Abscess in Dromedary Camels (Camelusdromedaries): Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Proinflammatory Cytokines

El-Deeb¹,

Fouda²

2013

J Veterinar Sci Technol

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“…2,9,10,16 Primary bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, conjugated, and then excreted in bile. Some conversion of unabsorbed primary bile acids to secondary bile acids occurs by intestinal bacteria.…”

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confidence: 99%

Normal Reference Intervals and the Effects of Time and Feeding on Serum Bile Acid Concentrations in Llamas

et al. 1998

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Abstract. Fifty clinically healthy llamas, 0.5-13 years of age (22 intact males, 10 neutered males, 18 females), with no biochemical evidence of liver disease or hematologic abnormalities, were selected to establish serum bile acid reference intervals. Serum samples submitted to the clinical pathology laboratory were analyzed using a colorimetric enzymatic assay to establish bile acid reference intervals. A nonparametric distribution of llama bile acid concentrations was 1-23 mol/liter for llamas Ͼ1 year of age and 10-44 mol/liter for llamas Յ1 year of age. A significant difference was found between these 2 age groups. No correlation was detected between gender and bile acid concentrations. The reference intervals were 1.1-22.9 mol/liter for llamas Ͼ1 year of age and 1.8-49.8 mol/liter for llamas Յ1 year of age. Additionally, a separate group of 10 healthy adult llamas (5 males, 5 females, 5-11 years of age) without biochemical or hematologic abnormalities was selected to assess the effects of feeding and time intervals on serum bile acid concentrations. These 10 llamas were provided fresh water and hay ad libitum, and serum samples were obtained via an indwelling jugular catheter hourly for 11 hours. Llamas were then kept from food overnight (12 hours), and subsequent samples were taken prior to feeding (fasting baseline time, 23 hours after trial initiation) and postprandially at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 hours. In feeding trials, there was no consistent interaction between bile acid concentrations and time, feeding, or 12-hour fasting. Prior feeding or time of day did not result in serum bile acid concentrations outside the reference interval, but concentrations from individual llamas varied within this interval over time.

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“…[16][17][18] In summary, SBAs concentration has been reported to be a reliable indicator of liver disease in the adult horse. [3][4][5][6] During the neonatal period, SBA concentrations are significantly greater in healthy foals compared with healthy adult horses and, in fact, approach values that would be considered to be highly suggestive of significant liver disease if obtained from an adult horse. 5 The results of this study underscore the importance of establishing age-dependent clinical pathology values for reference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the liver is the sole source of bile-acid synthesis and the vast majority of the bile-acid pool is normally restricted to the enterohepatic circulation, increases in the serum bile acids (SBA) concentration have been reported to be a reliable indicator of liver disease in the horse. [3][4][5][6] Furthermore, because conjugation, excretion, and re-uptake of bile acids by the liver are active processes, alterations in the SBA concentration provide information on the functional capacity of the liver. Consumption of food stimulates bile excretion, and, thus, in species that have a gall bladder and consume fatty diets, the SBA concentration increases postprandially.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the horse, feeding and fasting do not significantly affect the SBA concentration, and there is no diurnal variation. 5,6 However, depending on the methodology used for measurement of SBA concentration, pre-analytical factors, such as hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, and hyperlipidemia, have been reported to interfere with an accurate assessment of SBA. 7 Although reference ranges for other serum biochemical parameters of liver disease have been established for neonatal foals, [8][9][10][11] there is only 1 abstract concerning SBA concentrations in healthy neonatal foals that suggests that the SBA concentration is significantly greater during the first week of life compared with mature horse reference values.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Serum Bile Acids Concentrations in Healthy and Clinically III Neonatal Foals

Barton

LeRoy

2007

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Reference ranges for serum bile acids (SBA) concentration are well established in healthy adult horses. Increased values are indicative of hepatic disease.Hypotheses: SBA concentrations are significantly greater in the neonatal period compared with mature horses, and illness in the neonatal period will further increase SBA.Animals: Ten healthy mature horses, 12 healthy foals, and 31 clinically ill foals. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study. Blood samples were obtained once from the mature horses, from healthy foals immediately after birth, at 2 days, and at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks of age; and from ill foals less than 1 month of age at the time of admission to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. SBA concentrations were determined enzymatically and by radioimmunoassay. Total and direct bilirubin and triglyceride concentrations were measured, as well as sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) and c-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities.Results: There was a significant negative correlation between age and SBA concentration. Compared with mature horses, SBA concentrations were significantly greater in healthy foals at each collection time over the first 6 weeks of life. Radioimmunoassay values were lower than enzymatic SBA values, with increasing bias as the mean difference between values increased. When comparing age-matched values between healthy and ill foals, there were no significant differences in SBA. None of the ill foals had a primary diagnosis of hepatic disease. There was no significant correlation between the SBA concentration and the bilirubin or triglyceride concentrations or the GGT activity. There was a significant direct correlation between increased SBA and serum SDH activity in healthy foals only.Conclusion and Clinical Importance: SBA concentrations in foals are significantly higher in the early neonatal period, underscoring the importance of using age-matched references when evaluating clinical pathology values during the neonatal period.

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Evaluation of total plasma bile acid concentrations for the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in horses

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

Liver Abscess in Dromedary Camels (Camelusdromedaries): Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Proinflammatory Cytokines

Liver Abscess in Dromedary Camels (Camelusdromedaries): Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Proinflammatory Cytokines

Normal Reference Intervals and the Effects of Time and Feeding on Serum Bile Acid Concentrations in Llamas

Serum Bile Acids Concentrations in Healthy and Clinically III Neonatal Foals

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