Evaluation of Total Phenolic, Total Flavonoid Content And Antioxidant Activity of Rhus Vulgaris

Abstract

Background: Rhus vulgaris is rich in various classes of polyphenols and flavonoids that act as free radical scavengers and reduce oxidative stress and cure various harmful human diseases. The plant is a traditionally known medicinal plant which is used against a number of diseases including cancer. Methods: The current investigation points towards the investigating quantitative phenolic contents, flavonoid contents and the free radical scavenging activity & antioxidant activity of Rhus vulgaris extract in n-hexane, acetone, and 80% of aqueous methanol. The phenolic contents were estimated by Folin–Ciocalteu procedure and gallic acid as a reference molecule whereas the total flavonoid contents were determined by using aluminum chloride and catechin. In addition, the dilution serial method was used to evaluate the leaves extract of rhus vulgaris, and the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method was utilized to assess the above-mentioned extracts against oxidative stress. Results: The result revealed that the ranges of total phenolic content from 5.82 ± 4.6 to 83.15 ± 7.6 mg GAE/g of the dry weight of extract, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. The total flavonoid concentrations were varied from 2.21 ± 7.34to 23.47 ± 4.87 mg CE/g, expressed as catechin equivalents. Antioxidant activity of extracts was expressed as the concentration of DPPH radical’s inhibition ranges from 1.2 ± 0.32 to 22.86 ± 3.71 mg AAE/ g. Conclusion: The 80% aqueous methanolic extract of Rhus vulgaris showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents and strong antioxidant potential and it could be used as antibiotics for different curable and incurable diseases.

Comprehensive Bio-Screening of Phytochemistry and Biological Capacity of <em>Oregano </em>(<em>Origanum vulgare</em>) and <em>Salvia triloba</em> Extracts against Oral Cariogenic and Food-Origin Pathogenic Bacteria

“…-Detection of alkaloids [1,32,33] The alkaloids in plant extract were identified, using (a) the Mayer's reagent, (b) the Wagner's reagent and (c) the Hager's reagent (Picric acid test) as per the previous reports. -Detection of anthraquinones [1,32,33] In summary, fifty milligrams of the extract were dissolved in 5 mL of distilled water (DW) and then filtered. Two milliliters of the resulting extract solution were transferred to a test tube containing 10 mL of benzene.…”

“…The presence of saponins was confirmed by the formation of a 2 cm layer of foam. -Detection of tannins (Ferric chloride test -Braymer's test) [33] To assess tannin content, a mixture was prepared from each plant extract. This involved dissolving 500 milligrams of the extract in 5 mL of ethanol, followed by sonication at 40 kHz for 5 minutes using a sonicator, and centrifugation at 190× g for 10 minutes.…”

“…Then, 1 mL of 15% ferric chloride (FeCl3) was added, and the formation of a dark green or blue-black precipitate indicated the presence of tannin. -Detection of cardiac glycosides (Keller-kiliani test) [32,33] 50 milligrams of the extract were dissolved in distilled water (DW) and subsequently filtered. To 2 mL of the filtrate, 1.5 mL of glacial acetic acid, a single drop of 5% ferric chloride (FeCl3), and a drop of concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) along the inner walls of the test tube were added.…”

Comprehensive Bio-Screening of Phytochemistry and Biological Capacity of Oregano (Origanum vulgare) and Salvia triloba Extracts against Oral Cariogenic and Food-Origin Pathogenic Bacteria

“…-Detection of alkaloids [1,32,33] The alkaloids in the plant extracts were identified, using (a) Mayer's reagent (1.36 g of mercuric chloride and 5.00 g of potassium iodide dissolved in 100 mL water, a precipitate of alkaloid compounds); (b) Wagner's reagent (2 g of iodine and 6 g of potassium iodide dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water a precipitate of alkaloids); and (c) Hager's reagent (Picric acid test, where a few drops of picric acid added to 5 mL of a plant extract leads to the formation of a yellow precipitate of alkaloids), as per the previous reports.…”

“…-Detection of anthraquinones [1,32,33] In summary, fifty milligrams of the extract were dissolved in 5 mL of distilled water and then filtered. Two milliliters of the resulting extract solution were transferred to a test tube containing 10 mL of benzene.…”