Evaluation of ToM (intentionality) in primary school children using movement shape paradigm

Azar, Maziar; Tehrani‐Doost, Mehdi; Banaraki, Anahita Khorrami

doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.01.012

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The highest association of mental stories was seen with human stories. This may be explained by the existence of human agents in both types of the stories, and the automatic tendency to mentalize when reading about human characters, or even when watching animated shapes interact in a human-like way [Abell, Happe, & Frith, 2000;Mohammadzadeh et al, 2012].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mohammadzadeh, Shahrivar, Khorrami Banaraki, and Tehrani‐Doost [] evaluated intentionality in primary school children based on an animated shapes paradigm. The validity of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test has also been evaluated in a group of school‐aged Iranian children [Mohammadzadeh, Tehrani‐Doost & Khorrami Banaraki, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Razmjoee, Shahim, and Salmani Khanekahdani [2014] showed that higher TOM and executive functioning were associated to relational aggression in Iranian preschool children. Mohammadzadeh, Shahrivar, Khorrami Banaraki, and Tehrani-Doost [2012] evaluated intentionality in primary school children based on an animated shapes paradigm. The validity of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test has also been evaluated in a group of school-aged Iranian children [Mohammadzadeh, Tehrani-Doost & Khorrami Banaraki, 2012].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normative data and psychometric properties of a farsi translation of the strange stories test

et al. 2017

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This new translation of the Strange Stories test is a reliable and valid instrument to evaluate higher level theory of mind abilities in community samples of Farsi speaking children. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1960-1967. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: "Mentalizing" or "theory of mind," the ability to recognize others' mental states, is a key aspect of social understanding. Mentalizing problems are characteristic of some clinical conditions such as autism. The Strange Stories is a test evaluating mentalizing in every day social situations. It was translated into Farsi language and administered to a group of Iranian school-aged children. The instrument was useful in assessing children's mind reading. Older children and girls were better in mentalizing ability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normative data and psychometric properties of a farsi translation of the strange stories test

et al. 2017

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“…There is a need to use a valid and reliable test to evaluate intentionality in the population of Iranian children. Some parts of the moving shapes paradigm developed by Castelli et al (2000) have been used in preliminary research (20) on a small sample of healthy developing school-aged children in Iran. The authors reported similar results to the findings of other studies in terms of children's understanding of people's intentionality, use of emotional words, and accuracy, and length of phrases.…”

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Normative Data and Reliability of the Moving Shapes Paradigm

Shahrivar

Tehrani‐Doost

Banaraki

et al. 2020

IJPS

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Objective: Moving Shapes paradigm is a test that evaluates intentionality as a theory of mind (ToM) component. This study aimed to assess the normative data and reliability of this test in a community sample of 9-11-year-old children. Method: A total of 398 children aged between 9 and 11 years were recruited from mainstream elementary schools through a random cluster sampling. All participants were evaluated using the Moving Shapes paradigm. To evaluate test-retest reliability, the test was administered again after 2-4 weeks. Results: The intentionality mean score was 29.70 (+5.88) out of 60. There was no significant difference between girls and boys in test scores. Age was not significantly related to the paradigm variables scores. Ten percent of the participants achieved the scores below 22, and 10% above 37. Cronbach’s Alfa was 0.40 for the intentionality score. The test-retest reliability was fair to good (0.43 - 0.79) for different groups of animations. The inter-rater agreement was 80%. Conclusion: The study found that the Moving shapes paradigm is a reliable instrument to evaluate intentionality in normal school-aged children.

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Understanding intentionality in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Azar

Tehrani‐Doost

Khorrami

et al. 2015

ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord

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One of the main aspects of theory of mind is intentionality which refers to recognizing other people's intentions in their behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate intentionality in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Thirty children with ADHD were compared to thirty age- and IQ-matched normal children. All participants were assessed using the moving shapes paradigm task which contains one large red and one small blue triangle moving around a black screen. They were asked to describe what the movements mean and how the triangles interact with each other. The answers were rated based on the accuracy, type of descriptions applied, mental states, and length of phrases. With regard to intentionality score, children with ADHD performed significantly worse than normal children (P < .05). Based on appropriateness score, the accuracy of patients' answers was lower in comparison with the control group. Children with ADHD used longer phrases as compared to controls. Children with ADHD can have problems with comprehending others' intentionality. This leads to impairment in social relationship.

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Evaluation of ToM (intentionality) in primary school children using movement shape paradigm

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Normative data and psychometric properties of a farsi translation of the strange stories test

Normative data and psychometric properties of a farsi translation of the strange stories test

Normative Data and Reliability of the Moving Shapes Paradigm

Understanding intentionality in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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