Evaluation of the wild Actinidia germplasm for resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae

Abstract

Bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is a catastrophic disease that threatens the global kiwifruit industry. As yet, no cure has been developed. Planting resistant cultivars is considered as one of the most effective ways to control Psa. However, most existing cultivars lack Psa‐resistance genes. Wild Actinidia resources contain rich genetic diversity and may have powerful disease‐resistance genes under long‐term natural selection, but lack of knowledge about the resistance to Psa for most Actinidia species results in some excellent wild resistant genotypes being underutilized. In this study, the response to Psa of 104 wild genotypes of 30 Actinidia species (including 37 taxa) was tested with an in vitro bioassay, and a considerable number of individuals from different species with tolerance or high resistance to Psa were identified. The results showed high consistency between years. This is the first large‐scale evaluation of diverse Actinidia species with resistance to Psa through an in vitro bioassay. The resistant genotypes of A. chinensis identified could be used in future kiwifruit improvement programmes. The findings should help provide an understanding of the resistance to Psa.

Fabrication of Host–Guest Complexes between Adamantane-Functionalized 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles and β-Cyclodextrin with Improved Control Efficiency against Intractable Plant Bacterial Diseases

“…citri ( Xac ), and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae ( Psa ) are three typically destructive bacterial strains that can voluntarily attack a wide range of plant hosts to develop the corresponding bacterial blight, citrus canker, and kiwifruit canker. − These intractable bacterial infections are extremely difficult to manage, thereby causing huge economic losses to the global agricultural industry year by year. , Currently, the frequent and excessive application of limited traditional pesticides, exemplified by organic/inorganic copper products, benzisothiazolinone, thiadiazole copper/zinc, allicin, zhongshengmycin, and bismerthiazol, can grudgingly alleviate this complicated situation. − For this case, the annual total input quantity of pesticides can come up to 4.6 million tons worldwide. − Additionally, these agrochemicals need to be processed into various formulations by interfusing diverse organic/inorganic additives to improve the molecular physicochemical property and/or pharmaceutical effects before use, which eventually brings huge negative impacts and hazards to the already fragile ecosystem, food safety, and human health. − Given these significant concerns, it is strongly recommended to excavate and develop novel, eco-friendly, and biocompatible agricultural bactericides for managing plant bacterial diseases without causing additional damage to the environment.…”

Changes in Fruit Quality and Sugar Components of Wild Actinidia eriantha of Different Varieties (Lines) at the Ripening Stage

“…In addition, compared with A. chinensis and A. deliciosa, A. eriantha has stronger adaptability, stress resistance, moisture resistance and heat resistance, with especially better resistance than the other varieties to Pseudomonas syringae PV. actinidiae (PSA) [7][8][9][10]. These excellent comprehensive characteristics indicate that A. eriantha is a kind of characteristic health fruit worthy of development and utilization.…”

Rational Optimization of 1,2,3-Triazole-Tailored Carbazoles As Prospective Antibacterial Alternatives with Significant In Vivo Control Efficiency and Unique Mode of Action

“…However, the recent rapid development and outbreak of plant diseases, especially the intractable bacterial infections on various staple crops (such as rice, citrus, kiwifruit, potato, cabbage, and tomato), have reshaped the current situation. For instance, in China, a total of 120 million mu of area suffered from bacterial diseases in recent years, thereby becoming the second leading fatal disease behind fungal infection. − Among these diseases, rice bacterial leaf blight infected by Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae ( Xoo ), , kiwifruit bacterial canker infected by Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae ( Psa ), , and citrus bacterial canker infected by X. axonopodis pv citri ( Xac ) , are the world’s infamous agricultural diseases that are especially hard to manage and exhibit increasing pathogenicity and diffusivity year after year. Additionally, the fragile surviving plants are more vulnerable to secondary infection due to the lack of an innate immune system, thereby deeply straining global food security. , Currently, few effective bactericides can manage these infections.…”