Evaluation of the water equivalence of solid phantoms using gamma ray transmission measurements

Hill, Robin; Brown, S. F.; Baldock, Clive

doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2008.01.019

Cited by 73 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Transmitted intensities of gamma-rays I have been determined using a simple Monte Carlo code for calculation of linear attenuation coefficients of some phantom materials, that were previously used by Hill et al for testing the water equivalence of these materials [16]. The simulation process was repeated for several thicknesses, up to approximately 6 mfp, and the linear attenuation coefficients of these materials were calculated by plotting ln(I 0 /I) versus x.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following phantoms were studied: Solid Water RMI-457 (RMI Gammex, Middleton, WI, USA), Plastic Water (Computerized Imaging Reference Systems Inc., Norfolk, VA, USA), RW3 Solid Water (PTW Freiburg, Germany), and Perspex, as detailed by Hill et al [16]. The elemental compositions and the physical densities of water and the four phantom materials used in this study are presented in Table I.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water is the phantom material of choice for both reference and relative dosimetry measurements in radiation therapy [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, the results of the Monte Carlo calculations of linear attenuation coefficients for four different * corresponding author; e-mail: o.gundogdu@kocaeli.edu.tr solid phantom materials, which have been experimentally studied by Hill et al [16], and water are reported, and the equivalency of these phantom materials is investigated by simulation. Other important shielding parameters, half-value layer, tenth-value layer and mean free path are also presented for the gamma-ray energies under investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monte Carlo Calculations for Photon Attenuation Studies on Different Solid Phantom Materials

2017

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The linear attenuation coefficients of water and some solid phantom materials, namely of solid water RMI-457, of plastic water, of RW3 solid water, and of Perspex were determined by Monte Carlo calculations, for gammaray photons with energies of 59.5, 80.9, 140.5, 356.5, 661.6, 1173.2, and 1332.5 keV. The calculated values were compared with the experimental results presented by other researchers and with theoretical values obtained using the XCOM database. Good agreement was observed between the calculations, the experimental, and the theoretical values. The results indicate that the process in Monte Carlo code can be followed to determine the equivalency of other materials at several energies. Three shielding factors such as half-value layer, tenth-value layer, and mean free path were calculated at all considered gamma-ray energies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water is the phantom material of choice for both reference and relative dosimetry measurements in radiation therapy [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monte Carlo Calculations for Photon Attenuation Studies on Different Solid Phantom Materials

2017

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“…Technetium-99m was used in narrow beam geometry and the transmission of photons measured, using a gamma camera, through varying thickness of the solid phantommaterial and water. Measured transmission values were compared with Monte Carlo calculated transmission data using the EGSnrc MonteCarlo code to score fluence in a geometry similar to that of the measurements [5].Transmission factors of main parameters have been determined that affecting the properties of both normal-and heavy-weight concrete in order to increase knowledge and understanding of radiationattenuation in concrete at a later age. Water/cement (W/C) ratio, curing condition, cement quantityand air entraining agent (AEA) have been selected as the main parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma-Ray Transmission Coefficients for Compounds of Some Biomedically Important Elements.

Akça¹,

Erzeneoğlu.²

2017

IJAR

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Dose comparison between Gafchromic film, XiO, and Monaco treatment planning systems in a novel pelvic phantom that contains a titanium hip prosthesis

Ade

Plessis

2017

J Applied Clin Med Phys

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The presence of metallic prostheses during external beam radiotherapy of malignancies in the pelvic region has the potential to strongly influence the dose distribution to the target and to tissue surrounded by the prostheses. This study systematically investigates the perturbation effects of unilateral titanium prosthesis on 6 and 15 MV photon beam dose distributions using Gafchromic EBT2 film measurements in a novel pelvic phantom made out of a stack of nylon slices. Comparisons were also made between the film data and dose calculations made on XiO and Monaco treatment planning systems. The collapsed cone algorithm was chosen for the XiO and the Monte Carlo algorithm used on Monaco is XVMC. Transmission measurements were taken using a narrow‐beam geometry to determine the mass attenuation coefficient of nylon = 0.0458 cm2/g and for a water‐equivalent RW3 phantom, it was 0.0465 cm2/g. The perturbation effects of the prosthesis on dose distributions were investigated by measuring and comparing dose maps and profiles. The magnitude of dose perturbations was quantified by calculating dose enhancement and reduction factors using field sizes of 3 × 3, 5 × 5, 10 × 10, and 15 × 15 cm2. For the studied beams and field sizes, dose enhancements between 21 and 30% and dose reductions between 15 and 21% were observed at the nylon‐prosthesis interface on the proximal and distal sides of the prosthesis for film measurements. The dose escalation increases with beam energy, and the dose reduction due to attenuation decreases with increasing beam energy when compared to unattenuated beam data. A comparison of film and XiO depth doses for the studied fields gave relative errors between 1.1 and 23.2% at the proximal and distal interfaces of the Ti prosthesis. Also, relative errors < 4.0% were obtained between film and Monaco dose data outside the prosthesis for 6 and 15 MV lateral opposing fields.

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Evaluation of the water equivalence of solid phantoms using gamma ray transmission measurements

Cited by 73 publications

References 17 publications

Monte Carlo Calculations for Photon Attenuation Studies on Different Solid Phantom Materials

Monte Carlo Calculations for Photon Attenuation Studies on Different Solid Phantom Materials

Gamma-Ray Transmission Coefficients for Compounds of Some Biomedically Important Elements.

Dose comparison between Gafchromic film, XiO, and Monaco treatment planning systems in a novel pelvic phantom that contains a titanium hip prosthesis

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